[Correlations between Hippocampus and Cognitive Score in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis Based on Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging].

Objective To investigate the correlations among brain functional connectivity,hippocampal subregion volume and cognitive score in the patients with carotid artery stenosis(CAS)based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Forty CAS patients treated in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University from January to December in 2019 and 31 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study.All the participants underwent cognitive assessment,structural MRI for the measurement of hippocampal volume,and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging for the examination of brain functional connectivity(FC).We compared the cognitive function,hippocampal subregion volumes,and brain functional connectivity between the two groups and investigated the correlations between the three indicators.Results The CAS patients had lower mini-mental state examination(MMSE)(F=13.346,P=0.001)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)(F=52.005,P<0.001)scores than the healthy volunteers.Compared with healthy volunteers,CAS patients showed small whole hippocampus(right side:t=2.176,P=0.033;left side:t=2.881,P=0.005;especially on the left side),small hippocampal tail(right side:t=2.394,P=0.019;left side:t=3.158,P=0.002),small hippocampal body(right side:t=2.336,P=0.022;left side:t=3.165,P=0.002),small subiculum(right side:t=2.211,P=0.030;left side:t=2.430;P=0.018),and small molecular layer(right side:t=2.103,P=0.039;left side:t=2.702,P=0.009).The whole hippocampal volume was positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores(left MoCA:r=0.289,P=0.015;right MMSE:r=0.249,P=0.038;left MMSE:r=0.316,P=0.008).The volume changes in the subiculum,presubiculum,and left molecular layer were positively correlated with MoCA(right subiculum:r=0.290,P=0.015;left subiculum:r=0.382,P=0.001;right presubiculum:r=0.293,P=0.014;left presubiculum:r=0.440,P<0.001;left molecular layer:r=0.259,P=0.031)and MMSE scores(right subiculum:r=0.278,P=0.020;left subiculum:r=0.419,P<0.001;right presubiculum:r=0.296,P=0.013;left presubiculum:r=0.506,P<0.001;left molecular layer:r=0.298,P=0.012),while the volume changes in the remaining hippocampal subregions were not correlated with cognitive scores(all P>0.05).Compared with healthy volunteers,the CAS patients presented low FC values of the left hippocampus to the occipital lobe and frontal lobe and of right hippocampus to the occipital lobe,temporal lobe,prefrontal lobe,and middle frontal gyrus(Gaussian random field correction,voxel P<0.01,cluster P<0.05).The volume changes of the left whole hippocampus,hippocampal head,and cornu ammonis 1(CA1)were positively correlated with the FC value of right hippocampus to the temporal lobe(left whole hippocampus:r=0.358,P=0.025;right hippocampal head:r=0.325,P=0.044;left hippocampal head:r=0.360,P=0.024;right CA1:r=0.326,P=0.043;left CA1:r=0.341,P=0.034).MoCA and MMSE scores were positively correlated with the FC value of right hippocampus to the frontal lobe(MoCA middle frontal gyrus:r=0.389,P=0.014;MoCA prefrontal lobe:r=0.363,P=0.023;MMSE prefrontal lobe:r=0.321,P=0.046).Conclusions CAS patients have different levels of cognitive impairment.Hippocampal atrophy and a decline in the FC value of hippocampus to the occipital lobe may play a role in cognitive impairment in CAS patients.This discovery lays a foundation for the future research on the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in CAS patients.

Functional connectivity changes of the hippocampal subregions in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

The hippocampus plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Nevertheless, the connection between the resting-state activity of the hippocampal subregions and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. Twenty-three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and completed clinical cognitive scales. Based on the Brainnetome Atlas, the rostral (anterior) and caudal (posterior) hippocampi of both the left and right hemispheres were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analysis. First, a one-sample t-test was used to observe the whole-brain connectivity distribution of hippocampal subregions within the patient and HC groups at a threshold of p < 0.05. The two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in hippocampal ROIs connectivity between groups, followed by a partial correlation analysis between the FC values of brain regions with statistical differences and clinical variables. This study observed that the distribution of whole-brain functional connectivity in the rostral and caudal hippocampi aligned with the connectivity differences between the anterior and posterior hippocampi. Compared to the HC group, the patients showed significantly decreased FC between the bilateral rostral hippocampus and the left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and between the right rostral hippocampus and the right cerebellum. However, a significant increase in FC was observed between the right rostral hippocampus and left superior temporal gyrus, the left caudal hippocampus and right superior frontal gyrus, and the right caudal hippocampus and left gyrus rectus. Partial correlation analysis showed that FC between the left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and the right rostral hippocampus was significantly negatively correlated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT) scores. The FC between the right rostral hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with BVMT scores. FC abnormalities in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were associated with cognitive impairment, emotional changes, and seizures. These results may help explain the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMDAR dysfunction-related diseases such as schizophrenia.

Baduanjin exercise modulates the hippocampal subregion structure in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty.

Background: Regular Baduanjin exercise intervention was proven to be beneficial in improving the cognitive ability and physical performance of older adults with different health conditions but was unclear to influence the structural plasticity of the hippocampus. This study aimed to explore the modulation of hippocampal subregions as a mechanism by which Baduanjin exercise improves cognitive frailty in older adults. Methods: A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty were recruited and randomly allocated to the Baduanjin exercise training group and usual physical activity control group. The participants in the Baduanjin exercise training group participated in a 24-week Baduanjin exercise intervention program with an exercise frequency of 60 min per day, 3 days per week. Cognitive ability and physical frailty were assessed, and MRI scans were performed on all participants at baseline and after 24 weeks of intervention. The structural MRI data were processed with MRIConvert (version 2.0 Rev. 235) and FreeSurfer (version 6.0.0) software. Data analyses were performed using the independent sample t tests/Mann-Whitney U tests with the Bonferroni correction, mixed linear model, correlation, or mediation analysis by the SPSS 24.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, United States). Results: After 24 weeks of intervention, a statistically significant increase was found for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (p = 0.002) with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.94) and the significant interaction effect (P goup × time < 0.05), Memory Quotient (MQ) scores (p = 0.019) with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.688) and the significant interaction effect (P goup × time < 0.05), and other parameters of WMS-RC test including pictures (p = 0.042), recognition (p = 0.017), and association (p = 0.045) test with a medium effect size (Cohens' d = 0.592, 0.703, and 0.581) for the Baduanjin training group, while significant decrease for the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) score (p = 0.022), with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = -0.659) and the significant interaction effect (P goup × time < 0.05) for the Baduanjin training group. The differences in the left parasubiculum, Hippocampal Amygdala Transition Area (HATA), right Cornu Ammonis Subfield 1 (CA1) and presubiculum volumes from baseline to 24 weeks after intervention in the Baduanjin training group were significantly greater than those in the control group (p < 0.05/12). Further analysis showed that the changes in right CA1 volume were positively correlated with the changes in MoCA and MQ scores (r = 0.510, p = 0.015; r = 0.484, p = 0.022;), the changes in right presubiculum and left parasubiculum volumes were positively correlated with the changes in MQ (r = 0.435, p = 0.043) and picture test scores (r = 0.509, p = 0.016), respectively, and the changes in left parasubiculum and HATA volumes were negatively correlated with the changes in EFS scores (r = -0.534, p = 0.011; r = -0.575, p = 0.005) in the Baduanjin training group, even after adjusting for age, sex, years of education and marital status; furthermore, the volume changes in left parasubiculum and left HATA significantly mediated the Baduanjin exercise training-induced decrease in the EFS scores (ß = 0.376, 95% CI 0.024 ~ 0.947; ß = 0.484, 95% CI 0.091 ~ 0.995); the changes of left parasubiculum and right CA1 significantly mediated the Baduanjin exercise training-induced increase in the picture and MO scores (ß = -0.83, 95% CI-1.95 ~ -0.002; ß = -2.44, 95% CI-5.99 ~ -0.32). Conclusion: A 24-week Baduanjin exercise intervention effectively improved cognitive ability and reduced physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty, and the mechanism might be associated with modulating the structural plasticity of the hippocampal subregion.

Shared and distinct functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) share etiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Although neuroimaging studies have reported hippocampal alterations in SZ, BD, and MDD, little is known about how different hippocampal subregions are affected in these conditions because such subregions, namely, the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum (SUB), have different structural foundations and perform different functions. Here, we hypothesize that different hippocampal subregions may reflect some intrinsic features among the major psychiatric disorders, such as SZ, BD, and MDD. By investigating resting functional connectivity (FC) of each hippocampal subregion among 117 SZ, 103 BD, 96 MDD, and 159 healthy controls, we found similarly and distinctly changed FC of hippocampal subregions in the three disorders. The abnormal functions of middle frontal gyrus might be the core feature of the psychopathological mechanisms of SZ, BD, and MDD. Anterior cingulate cortex and inferior orbital frontal gyrus might be the shared abnormalities of SZ and BD, and inferior orbital frontal gyrus is also positively correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms in SZ and BD. Caudate might be the unique feature of SZ and showed a positive correlation with the cognitive function in SZ. Middle temporal gyrus and supplemental motor area are the differentiating features of BD. Our study provides evidence for the different functions of different hippocampal subregions in psychiatric pathology.

Stable functional compensation within hippocampal-subregion networks in patients with temporal glioma before and after surgery.

Objective: To identify whether tumor invasion of the temporal lobe induces functional compensation of the hippocampal-subregion (HIPsub) network connectivity before surgery, and to further validate the stability of this functional compensation within the HIPsub network in patients with temporal glioma tumor (TTumor) after surgical resection of the tumor. Methods: In the first cohort, analysis of HIPsub functional connectivity (FC) was conducted to identify the functional compensation of the altered HIPsub connectivity pattern in TTumor through a pattern classification approach. Then, the second cohort investigated whether functional compensation in TTumor patients changed after surgical resection of the tumor. Results: In the first cohort, this study identified altered HIPsub network connectivity patterns and its functional compensation regions (i.e., left parahippocampal gyrus and bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe) in TTumor patients. Second, the altered HIPsub network connectivity patterns had the power to discriminate TTumor patients from healthy controls (CN) on an individual subject basis, with an AUC of 97.0%, sensitivity of 93.5%, and specificity of 90.3%. Finally, in the second cohort, we found that functional connectivities of functional compensation regions within the HIPsub network in TTumor patients did not change between before and after surgery. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence regarding functional compensation within the HIPsub network in TTumor patients. It has been suggested that the fine hippocampal subregion was more sensitive, which reveals functional compensation induced by tumor invasion of the temporal lobe. Furthermore, this study verified the stability and persistence of this functional compensation in TTumor patients after surgical resection of the tumor.

Body mass index related to executive function and hippocampal subregion volume in subjective cognitive decline.

Objective: This study aims to explore whether body mass index (BMI) level affects the executive function and hippocampal subregion volume of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Materials and methods: A total of 111 participants were included in the analysis, including SCD (38 of normal BMI, 27 of overweight and obesity) and normal cognitive control (NC) (29 of normal BMI, 17 of overweight and obesity). All subjects underwent the Chinese version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) to measure the executive function and a high-resolution 3D T1 structural image acquisition. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the differences in executive function and gray matter volume in hippocampal subregions under different BMI levels between the SCD and NC. Result: The subdimensions of executive function in which different BMI levels interact with SCD and NC include inhibition control function [SCWT C-B reaction time(s): F (1,104) = 5.732, p = 0.018], and the hippocampal subregion volume of CA1 [F (1,99) = 8.607, p = 0.004], hippocampal tail [F (1,99) = 4.077, p = 0.046], and molecular layer [F (1,99) = 6.309, p = 0.014]. After correction by Bonferroni method, the population × BMI interaction only had a significant effect on the CA1 (p = 0.004). Further analysis found that the SCWT C-B reaction time of SCD was significantly longer than NC no matter whether it is at the normal BMI level [F (1,104) = 4.325, p = 0.040] or the high BMI level [F (1,104) = 21.530, p < 0.001], and the inhibitory control function of SCD was worse than that of NC. In the normal BMI group, gray matter volume in the hippocampal subregion (CA1) of SCD was significantly smaller than that of NC [F (1,99) = 4.938, p = 0.029]. For patients with SCD, the high BMI group had worse inhibitory control function [F (1,104) = 13.499, p < 0.001] and greater CA1 volume compared with the normal BMI group [F (1,99) = 7.619, p = 0.007]. Conclusion: The BMI level is related to the inhibition control function and the gray matter volume of CA1 subregion in SCD. Overweight seems to increase the gray matter volume of CA1 in the elderly with SCD, but it is not enough to compensate for the damage to executive function caused by the disease. These data provide new insights into the relationship between BMI level and executive function of SCD from the perspective of imaging.

Deviations in Hippocampal Subregion in Older Adults With Cognitive Frailty.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive frailty is a particular state of cognitive vulnerability toward dementia with neuropathological hallmarks. The hippocampus is a complex, heterogeneous structure closely relates to the cognitive impairment in elderly which is composed of 12 subregions. Atrophy of these subregions has been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in hippocampal subregions in older adults with cognitive frailty and the relationship between subregions and cognitive impairment as well as physical frailty. METHODS: Twenty-six older adults with cognitive frailty and 26 matched healthy controls were included in this study. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale (Fuzhou version) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Chinese version (WMS-RC), while physical frailty was tested with the Chinese version of the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) and grip strength. The volume of the hippocampal subregions was measured with structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. Partial correlation analysis was carried out between the volumes of hippocampal subregions and MoCA scores, Wechsler's Memory Quotient and physical frailty indexes. RESULTS: A significant volume decrease was found in six hippocampal subregions, including the bilateral presubiculum, the left parasubiculum, molecular layer of the hippocampus proper (molecular layer of the HP), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (HATA), and the right cornu ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) area, in older adults with cognitive frailty, while the proportion of brain parenchyma and total number of white matter fibers were lower than those in the healthy controls. Positive correlations were found between Wechsler's Memory Quotient and the size of the left molecular layer of the HP and HATA and the right presubiculum. The sizes of the left presubiculum, molecular of the layer HP, and HATA and right CA1 and presubiculum were found to be positively correlated with MoCA score. The sizes of the left parasubiculum, molecular layer of the HP and HATA were found to be negatively correlated with the physical frailty index. CONCLUSION: Significant volume decrease occurs in hippocampal subregions of older adults with cognitive frailty, and these changes are correlated with cognitive impairment and physical frailty. Therefore, the atrophy of hippocampal subregions could participate in the pathological progression of cognitive frailty.

rTMS modulates precuneus-hippocampal subregion circuit in patients with subjective cognitive decline.

Hippocampal subregions (HIPsub) and their network connectivities are generally aberrant in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). This study aimed to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could ameliorate HIPsub network connectivity by modulating one node of HIPsub network in SCD. In the first cohort, the functional connectivity (FC) of three HIPsub (i.e., hippocampal emotional, cognitive, and perceptual regions: HIPe, HIPc, and HIPp) were analyzed so as to identify alterations in HIPsub connectivity associated with SCD. Afterwards, a support vector machine (SVM) approach was applied using the alterations in order to evaluate to what extent we could distinguish SCD from healthy controls (CN). In the second cohort, a 2-week rTMS course of 5-day, once-daily, was used to activate the altered HIPsub network connectivity in a sham-controlled design. SCD subjects exhibited distinct patterns alterations of HIPsub network connectivity compared to CN in the first cohort. SVM classifier indicated that the abnormalities had a high power to discriminate SCD from CN, with 92.9% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 86.0% accuracy, 83.8% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity. In the second cohort, changes of HIPc connectivity with the left parahippocampal gyrus and HIPp connectivity with the left middle temporal gyrus demonstrated an amelioration of episodic memory in SCD after rTMS. In addition, SCD exhibited improved episodic memory after the rTMS course. rTMS therapy could improve the posterior hippocampus connectivity by modulating the precuneus in SCD. Simultaneous correction of the breakdown in HIPc and HIPp could ameliorate episodic memory in SCD. Thus, these findings suggested that rTMS manipulation of precuneus-hippocampal circuit might prevent disease progression by improving memory as the earliest at-risk state of Alzheimer's disease in clinical trials and in practice.

Effect of electronic moxibustion on the volume of hippocampal subregion in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Current studies have shown that electronic moxibustion can improve memory function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment;however,its mechanism of action needs to be further investigated.The atrophy of hippocampal volume and impairment of functional connectivity are important imaging markers of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.Whether electronic moxibustion can regulate the volume of hippocampal subregion of partients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment is worth studying. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of electronic moxibustion on the volume of hippocampal subregions in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS:Forty patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment were recruited from April 1,2018 to January 31,2019 at the community service centers around the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University(Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University),Shenzhen,China.They were randomly divided into treatment group(n=20)and control group(n=20).The treatment group was treated with electronic moxibustion of regulating the mind and benefiting the intelligence,while the control group was treated with placebo moxibustion.Moxibustion was given at 45 oC,20 minutes each time,once a day,5 times a week,for 8 weeks in total.Memory evaluation using Rivermead behavioral memory test and magnetic resonance imaging scanning for detecting the hippocampal subregion volume were performed for each patient before and after treatment,and cognitive function of each patient was assessed using Montreal cognitive assessment and mini-mental state examination.Correlation of hippocampal subregion volumes with scores on each scale was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,the volumes of the left parasubiculum and the left hippocampal-amygdala migrating area increased in the treatment group but decreased in the control group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the pre-treatment data,the Rivermead behavioral memory test,Montreal cognitive assessment,and mini-mental state examination scores were significantly higher in the treatment group after treatment(P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in the three scale scores in the control group after treatment(P＞0.05).The three scale scores were higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in the volume of the left parasubiculum was significantly and positively correlated with the Rivermead behavioral memory test scale score in the treatment group(r=0.418,P=0.014).To conclude,electronic moxibustion can improve memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,and the mechanism may be the regulation of structural plasticity in hippocampal subregions.

Changes in structural and functional connectivity of different hippocampal subregions in courses of Alzheimer's disease / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes in structural and functional connectivity of different hippocampal subregions in courses of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:One hundred and seventeen subjects from Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) were chosen; their cognitive functions were assessed using neuropsychological tests, and brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) levels were measured using PET-MRI. These patients were divided into group of normal cognitive function and negative Aβ ( n=68), group of normal cognitive function and positive Aβ ( n=29), and group of cognitive impairment and positive Aβ ( n=20); neuropsychological characteristics and changes in volume, structural connectivity and functional connectivity of hippocampal subareas were compared among the 3 groups. Results:Compared with group of normal cognitive function and negative Aβ and group of normal cognitive function and positive Aβ, group of cognitive impairment and positive Aβ had significantly decreased scores of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Version (MoCA-B), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT)-Short-term Delayed Recall (SR), AVLT-Long-term Delayed Recall (LR), Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT), and statistically increased Shape Trails Test B (STT-B) scores ( P<0.05). Compared with group of normal cognitive function and negative Aβ and group of normal cognitive function and positive Aβ, group of cognitive impairment and positive Aβ had significantly decreased volumes of the left and right hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), entolorhinal cortex (EC) and inferior support area (Sub, P<0.05). Compared with group of normal cognitive function and negative Aβ, group of normal cognitive function and positive Aβ had increased or decreased structural connectivity, and almost all increased functional connectivity of each hippocampal subregion; compared with group of normal cognitive function and negative Aβ, group of cognitive impairment and positive Aβ had almost all increased structural connectivity, and almost all decreased functional connectivity of each hippocampal subregion. Conclusion:Changes in gray matter volume and structural and functional connectivity in various hippocampal subregions are different in courses of AD.

Music exposure improves spatial cognition by enhancing the BDNF level of dorsal hippocampal subregions in the developing rats.

Previous research has shown that dorsal hippocampus plays an important role in spatial memory process. Music exposure can enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression level in dorsal hippocampus (DH) and thus enhance spatial cognition ability. But whether music experience may affect different subregions of DH in the same degree remains unclear. Here, we studied the effects of exposure to Mozart K.448 on learning behavior in developing rats using the classical Morris water maze task. The results showed that early music exposure could enhance significantly learning performance of the rats in the water maze test. Meanwhile, the BDNF/TrkB level of dorsal hippocampus CA3 (dCA3) and dentate gyrus (dDG) was significantly enhanced in rats exposed to Mozart music as compared to those without music exposure. In contrast, the BDNF/TrkB level of dorsal hippocampus CA1 (dCA1) was not affected. The results suggest that the spatial memory improvement by music exposure in rats may be associated with the enhanced BDNF/TrkB level of dCA3 and dDG.

Characteristics of hippocampal subregion changes in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration and correlation with anxiety and depression / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective To analyze the characteristics of changes in hippocampal head，body，and tail subregions of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration （HLD） and their relationship with anxiety and depression. Methods Forty­five patients with HLD and 30 healthy controls were recruited. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired. The hippocampus was manually segmented using FreeSurfer 7.2 for volume comparison between the groups. Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA）and Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） scores were collected. The relationship between the volumes of hippocampal subregions and HAMA and HAMD scores was analyzed. Results The volumes of the head，body，and tail subregions of both hippocampi of the patients with HLD were all decreased significantly （P<0.05）. In the patients with HLD，the volumes of the hippocampal head （P=0.020），the hippocampal tail （P<0.001），and the whole hippocampus（P=0.001） on the right side were significantly larger than those on the left side，with no significant difference for the hippocampal body （P=0.322）. The HAMA score was negatively correlated with the left hippocampal head volume （r=-0.256，P=0.047）. The HAMD score was negatively correlated with the volumes of the left hippocampal head （r=-0.267，P=0.037），the left hippocampal tail （r=-0.017，P=0.037），the right hippocampal head （r=0.331，P=0.009），and the right hippocampal body （r=-0.265，P=0.039）. Conclusion The volume of hippocampal subregions was decreased in HLD，which was more marked on the left side. The volume of hippocampal subregions was closely correlated with anxiety and depression in patients with HLD.