A prognostic risk model based on lactate metabolism and transport-related lncRNAs for gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Increased lactate levels and metastasis in tumours are strongly associated with dismal outcomes. But prognostic value of lactate metabolism and transport-related lncRNAs in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) patients remains unaddressed. METHODS: Gene expression data of GA were provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Lactate metabolism and transport-related gene data were accessed from GSEA. LncRNAs related to lactate metabolism and transport were identified by correlation analysis. A prognostic model was built by regression analysis. Validity of prognostic model was confirmed through survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Immunity of each risk group was evaluated by immune correlation analysis .LncRNA-mRNA network was built by correlation analysis using Cytoscape software. RESULTS: A 12-gene prognostic model based on lactate metabolism and transport-related lncRNAs was built in GA. Median riskscore was utilized to classify GA samples into high- and low-risk groups. Survival analysis and ROC curves demonstrated validity of prognostic model. Most immune checkpoint molecules and TIDE scores were lower in the low-risk group. LINC01303 and LINC01545 may be the key prognostic factors in patients with GA. CONCLUSION: This study successfully built a prognostic model of lactate metabolism and transport-related lncRNAs in GA. The findings guide prognostic management of GA patients.

Pan-cancer analysis of SYNGR2 with a focus on clinical implications and immune landscape in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Synaptogyrin-2 (SYNGR2), as a member of synaptogyrin gene family, is overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, the role of SYNGR2 in pan-cancer is largely unexplored. METHODS: From the TCGA and GEO databases, we obtained bulk transcriptomes, and clinical information. We examined the expression patterns, prognostic values, and diagnostic value of SYNGR2 in pan-cancer, and investigated the relationship of SYNGR2 expression with tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint (ICP) genes. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software was used to perform pathway analysis. Besides, we built a nomogram of liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients (LIHC) and validated its prediction accuracy. RESULTS: SYNGR2 was highly expressed in most cancers. The high expression of SYNGR2 significantly reduced the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and progression-free interval (PFI) in multiple types of cancer. Also, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that SYNGR2 showed high accuracy in distinguishing cancerous tissues from normal ones. Moreover, SYNGR2 expression was correlated with TMB, MSI, immune scores, and immune cell infiltrations. We also analyzed the association of SYNGR2 with immunotherapy response in LIHC. Finally, a nomogram including SYNGR2 and pathologic T, N, M stage was built and exhibited good predictive power for the OS, DSS, and PFI of LIHC patients. CONCLUSION: Overall, SYNGR2 is a critical oncogene in various tumors. SYNGR2 participates in the carcinogenic progression, and may contribute to the immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment. Our study suggests that SYNGR2 can serve as a predictor related to prognosis in pan-cancer, especially LIHC.

Integrative genomic analysis of mouse and human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cancer genomics has enabled the exhaustive molecular characterization of tumors and exposed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as among the most complex cancers. This complexity is paralleled by dozens of mouse models that generate histologically similar tumors but have not been systematically validated at the molecular level. Accurate models of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC are essential for biomedical progress; therefore we compared genomic and transcriptomic profiles of four separate mouse models [MUP transgenic, TAK1-knockout, carcinogen-driven diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and Stelic Animal Model (STAM)] with those of 987 HCC patients with distinct etiologies. These four models differed substantially in their mutational load, mutational signatures, affected genes and pathways, and transcriptomes. STAM tumors were most molecularly similar to human HCC, with frequent mutations in Ctnnb1, similar pathway alterations, and high transcriptomic similarity to high-grade, proliferative human tumors with poor prognosis. In contrast, TAK1 tumors better reflected the mutational signature of human HCC and were transcriptionally similar to low-grade human tumors. DEN tumors were least similar to human disease and almost universally carried the Braf V637E mutation, which is rarely found in human HCC. Immune analysis revealed that strain-specific MHC-I genotype can influence the molecular makeup of murine tumors. Thus, different mouse models of HCC recapitulate distinct aspects of HCC biology, and their use should be adapted to specific questions based on the molecular features provided here.

Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) reveals its prognostic and immunologic features in human cancers.

Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) is overexpressed in some malignant tumors. However, there are few studies on the function of NCAPD2 in pan-cancer. We used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and UALCAN to analyze NCAPD2 expression and promoter methylation levels in 33 tumors and normal samples. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on liver cancer and corresponding normal tissues to examine NCAPD2 protein expression in LIHC. Kaplan-Meier survival and univariate regression analyses were performed to explore the pan-cancer clinical significance of NCAPD2. Moreover, correlative analysis between NCAPD2 expression and clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, immune regulators, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation regulators, and drug sensitivity was conducted using data from TCGA. We also investigated the effects of NCAPD2 expression on immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted using NCAPD2. Bioinformatic analysis showed that NCAPD2 was overexpressed in most tumors and correlated with the clinical characteristics of some cancers. IHC results demonstrated that NCAPD2 protein expression was higher in LIHC than in normal liver. NCAPD2 expression was linked with T stage, clinical stage, and histologic grade in LIHC. Overexpression of NCAPD2 resulted in poor overall survival, and disease-specific survival in adrenocortical carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. NCAPD2 was considered an independent biomarker by Cox regression in LIHC. The time ROC curve demonstrated that the survival rate of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and DSS in LIHC was above 0.6. The expression of NCAPD2 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, TMB, MSI, and RNA methylation regulators in several tumors. NCAPD2 had a high predictive value for immunotherapy efficiency in certain tumors. In our study, drugs sensitive to NCAPD2 protein were screened by sensitivity analysis. GSEA analysis showed that NCAPD2 mainly participated in the G2M checkpoint, mitotic spindle, and KRAS-signaling. NCAPD2 may act as a prognostic molecular marker in most cancers.

Experimental validation and pan-cancer analysis identified COL10A1 as a novel oncogene and potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Type X collagen (COL10) is a homologous trimeric non-fibrillar collagen found in the extracellular matrix of human tissues, and it exhibits a distinctive white appearance. Type X collagen α1 chain (COL10A1) is a specific cleaved fragment of type X collagen. However, the expression, prognostic significance, clinicopathological attributes and immune-related associations of COL10A1 in prostate cancer as well as in pan-cancer contexts remain poorly understood. METHODS: Using bioinformatic analysis of data from the most recent databases (TCGA, GTEx and GEO databases), we have extensively elucidated the role played by COL10A1 in terms of its expression patterns, prognostic implications, and immune efficacy across a pan-cancer spectrum. Subsequently, the biological functions of COL10A1 in prostate cancer were elucidated by experimental validation. RESULTS: Our findings have confirmed that COL10A1 was highly expressed in most cancers and was associated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients. Immune correlation analysis of COL10A1 in various cancers showed its significant correlation with Tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) and immune cell infiltration. In addition, knockdown of COL10A1 in prostate cancer resulted in a substantial reduction in the proliferation, migration, and invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Our pan-cancer analysis of COL10A1 gene provided novel insights into its pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic implications, underscoring its potential significance in prognosis and immunotherapeutic interventions for cancer, particularly prostate cancer.

Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis-related genes in immune infiltration and prognosis in multiple myeloma.

Background: One particular type of cellular death that is known as ferroptosis is caused by the excessive lipid peroxidation. It is a regulated form of cell death that can affect the response of the tumor cells. Currently, it is not known if the presence of this condition can affect the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: In this study, we studied the expression differences and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in MM, and established a ferroptosis risk scoring model. In order to improve the prediction accuracy and clinical applicability, a nomogram was also established. Through gene enrichment analysis, pathways closely related to high-risk groups were identified. We then explored the differences in risk stratification in drug sensitivity and immune patterns, and evaluated their value in prognostic prediction and treatment response. Lastly, we gathered MM cell lines and samples from patients to confirm the expression of marker FRGs using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The ability to predict the survival of MM patients is a challenging issue. Through the use of a risk model derived from ferroptosis, we were able to develop a more accurate prediction of the disease's prognosis. They were then validated by a statistical analysis, which showed that the model is an independent factor in the prognosis of MM. Patients of high ferroptosis risk scores had a much worse chance of survival than those in the low-risk groups. The calibration and power of the nomogram were also strong. We noted that the link between the ferroptosis risk score and the clinical treatment was suggested by the FRG's significant correlation with the immune checkpoint genes and the medication sensitivity. We validated the predictive model using qRT-PCR. Conclusion: We demonstrated the association between FRGs and MM, and developed a new risk model for prognosis in MM patients. Our study sheds light on the potential clinical relevance of ferroptosis in MM and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for patients with this disease.

M7G-related LncRNAs: A comprehensive analysis of the prognosis and immunity in glioma.

Today, numerous international researchers have demonstrated that N7-methylguanosine (m7G) related long non-coding RNAs (m7G-related lncRNAs) are closely linked to the happenings and developments of various human beings' cancers. However, the connection between m7G-related lncRNAs and glioma prognosis has not been investigated. We did this study to look for new potential biomarkers and construct an m7G-related lncRNA prognostic signature for glioma. We identified those lncRNAs associated with DEGs from glioma tissue sequences as m7G-related lncRNAs. First, we used Pearson's correlation analysis to identify 28 DEGs by glioma and normal brain tissue gene sequences and predicated 657 m7G-related lncRNAs. Then, eight lncRNAs associated with prognosis were obtained and used to construct the m7G risk score model by lasso and Cox regression analysis methods. Furthermore, we used Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent ROC, principal component analysis, clinical variables, independent prognostic analysis, nomograms, calibration curves, and expression levels of lncRNAs to determine the model's accuracy. Importantly, we validated the model with external and internal validation methods and found it has strong predictive power. Finally, we performed functional enrichment analysis (GSEA, aaGSEA enrichment analyses) and analyzed immune checkpoints, associated pathways, and drug sensitivity based on predictors. In conclusion, we successfully constructed the formula of m7G-related lncRNAs with powerful predictive functions. Our study provides instructional value for analyzing glioma pathogenesis and offers potential research targets for glioma treatment and scientific research.

A Two-Gene-Based Diagnostic Signature for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background: Ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a disease with high mortality. Despite the great progress in treating ruptured IA, methods for risk assessment of ruptured IA remain limited. Methods: In this study, we aim to develop a robust diagnostic model for ruptured IA. Gene expression profiles in blood samples of 18 healthy persons and 43 ruptured IA patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differential expression analysis was performed using limma Bioconductor package followed by functional enrichment analysis via clusterProfiler Bioconductor package. Immune cell compositions in ruptured IA and healthy samples were assessed through the CIBERSORT tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was predicted based on the STRING database. Logistic regression model was used for the construction of predictive model for distinguishing ruptured IA and healthy samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the gene expression between the ruptured IA and healthy samples. Results: A total of 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained for ruptured IA patients compared with healthy controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to neutrophil activation, neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Notably, immune analysis results proved that the rupture of IA might be related to immune cell distribution. We further identified 24 key genes as hub genes using the PPI networks. The logistic regression model trained based on the 24 key genes ultimately retained two genes, i.e., IL2RB and CCR7, which had great potential for risk assessment for rupture of IA. The RT-qPCR further validated that compared with the healthy samples, the expression levels of IL2RB and CCR7 were decreased in ruptured IA samples. Conclusions: This study might be helpful for cohorts who have a high risk of ruptured IA for early diagnosis and prevention of the disease.

Immune-related gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer.

The immune system is crucial in regulating colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Identification of immune-related transcriptomic signatures derived from the peripheral blood of patients with CRC would provide insights into CRC pathogenesis, and suggest novel clues to potential immunotherapy strategies for the disease. The present study collected blood samples from 59 patients with CRC and 62 healthy control patients and performed whole blood gene expression profiling using microarray hybridization. Immune-related gene expression signatures for CRC were identified from immune gene datasets, and an algorithmic predictive model was constructed for distinguishing CRC from controls. Model performance was characterized using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC). Functional categories for CRC-specific gene expression signatures were determined using gene set enrichment analyses. A Kaplan-Meier plotter survival analysis was also performed for CRC-specific immune genes in order to characterize the association between gene expression and CRC prognosis. The present study identified five CRC-specific immune genes [protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit Bα (PPP3R1), amyloid ß precursor protein, cathepsin H, proteasome activator subunit 4 and DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked]. A predictive model based on this five-gene panel showed good discriminatory power (independent test set sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 94.7%, accuracy, 89.2%; ROC AUC, 0.96). The candidate genes were involved in pathways associated with 'adaptive immune responses', 'innate immune responses' and 'cytokine signaling'. The survival analysis found that a high level of PPP3R1 expression was associated with a poor CRC prognosis. The present study identified five CRC-specific immune genes that were potential diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. The biological function analysis indicated a close association between CRC pathogenesis and the immune system, and may reveal more information about the immunogenic and pathogenic mechanisms driving CRC in the future. Overall, the association between PPP3R1 expression and survival of patients with CRC revealed potential new targets for CRC immunotherapy.

Data mining-based study of collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) prognostic value and immune exploration in pan-cancer.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) shows an essential effect during the occurrence and procession of human cancers. Type III collagen is a crucial component of ECM. Collagen Type III Alpha 1(COL3A1) is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of COL3A1 in pan-cancer stays unidentified. In this study, we explored public databases, including Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Oncommine, TIMER and GENEMANIA databases to identify the differential expression of COL3A1 in human cancer tissues and normal samples, followed by its prognostic value for patient survival. In addition, we explore the association between COL3A1 expression and immune infiltration. Further, we used the GeneMANIA database and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to investigate Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and gene functional enrichment. Results show that COL3A1 expressed higher in tumor samples than in normal samples. Upregulation of COL3A1 is associated with a worse prognosis and a more advanced cancer stage. COL3A1 expression shows significant positive correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), including neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Markers of TIICs demonstrated distinct patterns of COL3A1-related immune infiltration. COL3A1 expression was associated with ECM receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion pathways via GSEA analysis. In conclusion, COL3A1 may be a molecular biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer. It might act as a potential target for a new insight of human cancers management.

A pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of ß-actin (ACTB) in human cancers.

Beta-actin (ACTB), a highly conserved cytoskeleton structural protein, has been regarded as a common housekeep gene and used as a reference gene for years. However, accumulating evidence indicates that ACTB is abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and hence changes the cytoskeleton to affect the invasiveness and metastasis of tumors. This study aimed to investigate the function and clinical significance of ACTB in pan-cancer. The role of ACTB for prognosis and immune regulation across 33 tumors was explored based on the datasets of gene expression omnibus and the cancer genome atlas. Differential expression of ACTB was found between cancer and adjacent normal tissues, and significant associations was found between ACTB expression and prognosis of tumor patients. In most cancers, ACTB expression was associated with immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoints and other immune modulators. Relevance between ACTB and metastasis and invasion was identified in various types of cancers by CancerSEA. Moreover, focal adhesion and actin regulation-associated pathways were included in the functional mechanisms of ACTB. The expression of ACTB was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Knockdown of ACTB inhibited head and neck squamous carcinoma cell migration and invasion by NF-κB and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. Our first pan-cancer study of ACTB offers insight into the prognostic and immunological roles of ACTB across different tumors, indicating ACTB may be a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancers, and the role of ACTB as a reference gene in cancers was challenged.

A novel chemiluminescence imaging immunosensor for prostate specific antigen detection based on a multiple signal amplification strategy.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) imaging platform was constructed for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection in a multiple signal amplifying manner. To construct the platform, the primary antibody for PSA was firstly immobilized on a O-ring area of a glass slide for recognizing the PSA. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the secondary antibody of PSA (Ab2) functionalized Au NPs (HRP-Au NPs-Ab2) were modified on the platform through immunoreaction between PSA and Ab2. The excellent catalytic effect of Au NPs and HRP on the HRP-Au NPs-Ab2 to the luminol-H2O2 CL system provided the dual-signal amplification for PSA detection. To further enhance the sensitivity, tyramine signal amplification (TSA) strategy was introduced: tyramine-HRP conjugates were added into the O-ring reservoir and thus tyramine-HRP repeats formed in the presence of H2O2, generating a multiple signal amplification because of the large amounts of HRP on the sensing interface. The excellent performance of HRP-Au NPs-Ab2 and TSA strategy endows the CL platform with high sensitivity. The PSA was detected with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and visually analyzed by a charge coupled device (CCD), respectively. The linear ranges of PMT and CCD for PSA are 0.1-100.0 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.05 pg mL-1 and 0.5 - 100.0 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.1 pg mL-1, respectively. The levels of PSA in several human serum samples were determined and the recoveries are ranged from 82.5% - 117.0%. This CL immunosensing platform holds great potential for bioactive molecules detection visually and sensitively.

High-Dimensional Analysis of Circulating and Tissue-Derived Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Patients with Glioblastoma.

We will first describe analysis of MDSC subsets from patient tumors with multicolor flow cytometry. The key components of this methodology are to obtain viable single cell suspensions and eliminate red blood cell contamination.

A Comprehensive Prognostic and Immune Analysis of SLC41A3 in Pan-Cancer.

SLC41A3, as a member of the 41st family of solute carriers, participates in the transport of magnesium. The role of SLC41A3 in cancer prognosis and immune regulation has rarely been reported. This study was designed to analyze the expression status and prognostic significance of SLC41A3 in pan-cancers. The mRNA expression profiles of SLC41A3 were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), the Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). The Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC41A3 in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the correlation between SLC41A3 expression and immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoint, mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were calculated using data form TCGA database. The results showed that the expression of SLC41A3 was down-regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and was associated with poor overall survival and tumor-specific mortality. Whereas, the expression of SLC41A3 was up-regulated in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and the results of Cox regression analysis revealed that SLC41A3 was an independent factor for LIHC prognosis. Meanwhile, a nomogram including SLC41A3 and stage was built and exhibited good predictive power for the overall survival of LIHC patients. Additionally, correlation analysis suggested a significant correlation between SLC41A3 and TMB, MSI, MMR, DNMT, and immune cells infiltration in various cancers. The overall survival and disease-specific survival analysis revealed that the combined SLC41A3 expression and immune cell score, TMB, and MSI were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in ACC, LIHC, and UVM patients. Therefore, we proposed that SLC41A3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer.

An extensive analysis of the prognostic and immune role of FOXO1 in various types of cancer

Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) has been reported to play important roles in many tumors. However, FOXO1 has not been studied in pan-cancer. The purpose of this study was to reveal the roles of FOXO1 in pan-cancer (33 cancers in this study). Through multiple public platforms, a pan-cancer analysis of FOXO1 was conducted to obtained FOXO1 expression profiles in various tumors to explore the relationship between FOXO1 expression and prognosis of these tumors and to disclose the potential mechanism of FOXO1 in these tumors. FOXO1 was associated with the prognosis of multiple tumors, especially LGG (low grade glioma), OV (ovarian carcinoma), and KIRC (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma). FOXO1 might play the role of an oncogenic gene in LGG and OV, while playing the role of a cancer suppressor gene in KIRC. FOXO1 expression had a significant correlation with the infiltration of some immune cells in LGG, OV, and KIRC. By combining FOXO1 expression and immune cell infiltration, we found that FOXO1 might influence the overall survival of LGG through the infiltration of myeloid dendritic cells or CD4+ T cells. Functional enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis showed that FOXO1 might play roles in tumors through immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid and a non-lymphoid cell, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. FOXO1 was associated with the prognosis of multiple tumors, especially LGG, OV, and KIRC. In these tumors, FOXO1 might play its role via the regulation of the immune microenvironment.

Synthesis of artificial chlorogenic acid antigen and preparation of polyclonal antibodies / 中草药

Objective: To synthesize artificial chlorogenic acid (CHA) antigen, to prepare CHA polyclonal antibody, and to lay the foundation for the preparation of immune chip for allergic component analysis. Methods: CHA-bovine serum albumin (CHA-BSA) and CHA-ovalbumin (CHA-OVA) were synthesized by carbodiimide method. The characterization of the synthesis was examined by UV spectrometry and TLC method. The titer and specificity of the antibody in serum of immunised mice were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-CELISA), respectively. Results: According to the UV and TLC determination, the CHA was successfully conjugated with BSA. The serum antibody titer was 1:128 000 with the linear range of 15.6-250 ng/mL, R2 = 0.995, and Y = -0.10 lnX+1.158. No cross-reaction was detected with glycyrrhizic acid, parietic acid and so on, which were commonly used in the combination with CHA. Conclusion: The preparation of multi-clonal antibody with good sensitivity and specificity against CHA is successful, which provides a foundation for the trace detection and allergy research of CHA.

Synthesis and immunogenicity indentification of artificial antigen of ginsenoside Rg1 / 中草药

Objective: To synthesize the artificial antigen of ginsenoside Rg1-bovine serum albumin (Rg1-BSA) and the artificial coated antigen of ginsenoside Rg1-polylysine (Rg1-PLL), and to provide the basis for the preparation of monoclonal antibody (MAb) and the establishment of immunoassay method. Methods: Rg1-BSA and Rg1-PLL were synthesized by sodium periodate oxidation method. The characterization of the synthesis was examined by UV spectrometry and TLC method. The titer and specificity of the antibody in serum of immunised mice were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-CELISA), respectively. Results: According to the UV and TLC, the Rg1 was successfully conjugated with BSA and PLL. I-ELISA and IC-ELISA methods were developed using Rg1-PLL. The anti-Rg1 antibody obtained from immunized mice could bind to Rg1 specially and the titer was up to 1:80000. Conclusion: The artificial immunogen Rg1-BSA and coated antigen Rg1-PLL are successfully synthesized, which could be used to prepare the MAb of Rg1 and establish the immunoassay method.

Evaluación del inmunoanálisis enzimático en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con coccidioidomicosis / Evaluation of the enzymatic immune analysis in the diagnosis and follow-up of coccidioidomycosis patients

Este estudio evaluó el inmunoanálisis enzimático (IAE) para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con coccidioidomicosis (CDM). Se utilizaron 360 muestras de suero: 38 provenientes de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, micológico e inmunológico de CDM, 100 de individuos sanos, 50 de pacientes sensibilizados a la coccidioidina y 172 con otras patologías, empleando dos exoantígenos de Coccidioides spp. La sensibilidad del IAE fue de 71,1% para ambos antígenos, con especificidad de 98% (Ag 1) y 96% (Ag 2). Los valores predictivos positivos fueron de 93,1% (Ag 1) y 87,1% (Ag 2), y negativos de 89,9% (Ag 1) y 89,7% (Ag 2), con razones de verosimilitud positiva de 35,6 (Ag 1) y 17,8 (Ag 2) y negativa de 0,3 para ambos antígenos. La potencia global del IAE se estimó en 90,6% (Ag 1) y en 89,1% (Ag 2). El índice Kappa reflejó una buena concordancia con la IDD. No se observó correspondencia entre las absorbancias detectadas por el IAE y el título de anticuerpos específicos obtenido mediante IDD en el seguimiento de pacientes con CDM. Se observaron reacciones cruzadas con las muestras de suero de pacientes con paracoccidioidomicosis e histoplasmosis. Se concluyó que el IAE puede ser una técnica útil en el diagnóstico, más no en el seguimiento de pacientes con CDM.

This study evaluated the enzymatic immune analysis (EIA) procedure for the diagnosis and follow-up of coccidioidomycosis (CDM) patients. Three hundred and sixty (360) serum samples were studied using two exoantigens of Coccidioides spp.: 38 obtained from patients with clinical, mycological and immunological CDM diagnosis, 100 from healthy individuals, 50 from individuals sensitized to coccidiodine, and 172 from individuals with other pathologies. It was estimated a 71.1% of sensitivity for both antigens, with a 98% specificity (Ag 1), and 96% (Ag 2), positive predictive values of 93.1% (Ag 1) and 87.1% (Ag 2), and negative predictive values of 89.9% (Ag 1) and 89.7% (Ag 2). The positive verisimilitude rates were 35.6 (Ag 1) and 17.8 (Ag 2), and 0.3 negative verisimilitude rates for both antigens. The global potency of the EIA was estimated as 90.6% (Ag 1) and 89.1% (Ag 2). The Kappa index reflected a good concordance with the IDD. No correspondence between the absorbance detected by the EIA and the title of specific antibodies obtained through IDD was observed in the follow-up of CDM patients. Cross reactions with serum samples from paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis patients was observed. It was concluded that the EIA can be a useful technique for the diagnosis but not for the follow-up of CDM patients.

Importancia de las pruebas específicas e inespecíficas para el diagnóstico de sífilis en donantes de sangre / Importance of specific and unspecific tests to diagnosis syphilis in blood donors

Con la finalidad de mejorar el diagnóstico de laboratorio de sífilis como enfermedad infecto contagiosa en donantes de sangre, se realizó el presente estudio cuyo objetivo es determinar las pruebas serológicas específicas: Inmunoanálisis Enzimático (ELISA), Inmunocromatografía (IC) e inespecíficas: Laboratorio de investigación de enfermedades venéreas (VDRL) y Reaginas séricas no calentadas (USR) más confiable para el descarte de sífilis en donantes de sangre del Hospital Dr. Adolfo Pons de Maracaibo, estado Zulia. Se analizaron 481 sueros de donantes de sangre aparentemente sanos, de ambos sexos en edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años. Del total de muestras analizadas por ELISA 10 resultaron positivas (2,07 por ciento) y 8 (1,66 por ciento) por IC. El VDRL captó 4 (0,82 por ciento) sueros con reactividad y USR sólo 2 sueros (0,41 por ciento). Se concluye que la prueba de ELISA conjuntamente con el VDRL son las herramientas más seguras y fidedignos para el descarte de sífilis en donantes de sangre, dado que proporcionan en paralelo resultados confiables, fidedigno que garantice la calidad de la misma al ser transfundida

In order to improve the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis as an infectious and contagious disease in blood donors, we performed this study to determine the reliability of the specific: Enzyme Immunoassay (Elisa) and Immune-chromatography (IC) tests, the unspecific: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Unheated serum regain (USR) Serologic tests to rule out syphilis from blood donors of the Dr Adolfo Pons Hospital in Maracaibo, Zulia state. We analyzed 481 sera from apparently healthy blood donors, male and female, 18 to 60 years of ages. From the samples analyzed by Elisa 10 were positive (2.07 percent) and 8 (1.66 percent) by IC. VDRL detected 4 (0.82 percent) reactive sera and USR just 2 (0.421 percent). We concluded that Elisa with VDRL are the safest and more reliable tests to rule out syphilis from blood donors, since they gave in parallel reliable results to assure the quality of blood to be transfused