The extent of multiallelic, co-editing of LIGULELESS1 in highly polyploid sugarcane tunes leaf inclination angle and enables selection of the ideotype for biomass yield.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is a prime feedstock for commercial production of biofuel and table sugar. Optimizing canopy architecture for improved light capture has great potential for elevating biomass yield. LIGULELESS1 (LG1) is involved in leaf ligule and auricle development in grasses. Here, we report CRISPR/Cas9-mediated co-mutagenesis of up to 40 copies/alleles of the putative LG1 in highly polyploid sugarcane (2n = 100-120, x = 10-12). Next generation sequencing revealed co-editing frequencies of 7.4%-100% of the LG1 reads in 16 of the 78 transgenic lines. LG1 mutations resulted in a tuneable leaf angle phenotype that became more upright as co-editing frequency increased. Three lines with loss of function frequencies of ~12%, ~53% and ~95% of lg1 were selected following a randomized greenhouse trial and grown in replicated, multi-row field plots. The co-edited LG1 mutations were stably maintained in vegetative progenies and the extent of co-editing remained constant in field tested lines L26 and L35. Next generation sequencing confirmed the absence of potential off targets. The leaf inclination angle corresponded to light transmission into the canopy and tiller number. Line L35 displaying loss of function in ~12% of the lg1 NGS reads exhibited an 18% increase in dry biomass yield supported by a 56% decrease in leaf inclination angle, a 31% increase in tiller number, and a 25% increase in internode number. The scalable co-editing of LG1 in highly polyploid sugarcane allows fine-tuning of leaf inclination angle, enabling the selection of the ideotype for biomass yield.

Correlation of Posterior Tibial Tendon Ultrasound with Calcaneal Inclination Angle in Indonesian Professional Athletes with Medial Ankle Pain.

Background: Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is characterized by partial or complete flattening of the longitudinal medial arch, which develops after maturity. AAFD secondary to posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is one of professional athletes' most common foot and ankle pathologies. Different modalities and procedures can be used to establish the diagnosis of AAFD and PTTD. However, imaging measurements such as the calcaneal inclination index and ultrasonography (US) of the posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT have yet to be widely studied. This study investigates the correlation of PTT ultrasound for evaluating PTTD with calcaneal inclination angle (CIA) for evaluating AAFD in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT. Through this study, clinicians and radiologists may benefit from considering AAFD in athletes with PTTD. Methods: 112 Indonesian professional athletes with medial ankle or foot pain and focal pain along the direction of the PTT underwent foot radiography using the CIA and ankle ultrasound to observe PTT abnormalities. Results: A negative correlation between fluid thickness surrounding the PTT and the CIA (p<0.001; 95% CI - 0.945, - 0.885), as well as a negative correlation between PTT thickness and CIA (p<0.001, 95% CI - 0.926, - 0.845), with a correlation coefficient (r) of - 0.921 and - 0.892, respectively. No significant correlation was found between PTT tear and CIA (p = 0.728; 95% CI -0.223, - 0.159; r - 0.033). Conclusion: This study showed a negative correlation between PTTD and AAFD via ultrasound and CIA in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT. A better understanding of PTTD and AAFD imaging will lead to more effective management and prompt treatment.

Hybrid Vibration Sensor for Equipment Monitoring and Diagnostics.

Vibration diagnostics based on vibroacoustic signal data belong to the most common ways to monitor the technical condition of equipment and technical structures. The paper considers the general issues of vibration-based diagnostics and shows that in general, it is required to monitor both axial and torsional oscillations, as well as the inclination angle, occurring during the operation of various technical objects. To comprehensively monitor these parameters, a hybrid vibration sensor is proposed, simultaneously implementing three operating modes: recording linear displacements of the vibrating object; recording the rotation angle of the object at its torsional oscillations; recording the object angular deviation from the vertical component of the natural local geomagnetic field, i.e., the inclinometer mode. The proposed hybrid sensor design is described, and a theoretical analysis of the sensor's operation in each of the aforementioned operating modes is performed. The authors show that in the inclinometer mode the sensor actually operates as a fluxgate meter. Generalizing the results of the sensor's operation simultaneously in all three operating modes, an equation for the total output data signal has been obtained, which allows for obtaining the required information on the current values of linear displacements and rotation and inclination angles by selectively filtering it with respective three filters tuned to specific frequencies. The experimental studies of the proposed hybrid vibration sensor confirmed its ability to record various vibrational disturbances and changes in the inclination angle of the monitored object.

Evaluation of an objective staging system for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate an objective method for Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) staging. METHODS: An initial sample of 647 Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCR) were staged according to the CVM (Baccetti et al.) by 4 examiners. The final sample (n = 394) included LCR on which the staging of the 4 investigators matched. The objective staging was performed by a single operator. The sample was divided according to the maturational stages into pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal groups. Measurements were performed on the cervical vertebrae (C2, C3 and C4). The angle between posterior and superior borders for C3 and C4 was the Superior Wall Inclination Angle (SWIA). Concavity Depth (CD) for C2, C3 and C4, and Body Shape (BS) (ratio of width to height of C3 and C4). Measurements of the 3 groups were compared. RESULTS: Reliability of subjective staging was high (intra-observer reliability, 0.948; inter-observer reliability, 0.967). Good agreement was observed for the outcomes measured. Intra-observer reliability was good (0.918, 0.885 and 0.722 for CD, BS and SWIA, respectively). The same was for the inter-observer reliability results (0.902, 0.889 and 0.728 for CD, BS and SWIA, respectively). Significant differences were observed for mean values of SWIA and BS and median values of CD within maturational stage. Similar findings were observed when the outcomes were compared at different phases (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A standardized, objective staging system using linear, angular measurements and ratios was applied for the determination of cervical vertebral maturation.

Influence of leaf inclination angle and tillering on population transpiration, soil evaporation, and yield in winter wheat near-isogenic lines.

Leaf inclination angle (LIA) and tillering impact the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population canopy structure. Understanding their effects on water use (WU) parameters and yield can guide water-saving strategies through population control. In this study, six near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parents were selected as materials. These special materials were characterized by varying tillering at the current sowing density, a similar genetic background, and, particularly, a gradient in mean flag leaf LIA. The investigation focused on the jointing to early grain-filling stage, the peak water requirement period of wheat crops. Population-scale transpiration (PT) and evaporation from the soil surface (E) were partitioned from total evapotranspiration (ET) by the means of micro-lysimeters. The results showed decreased PT, E, and ET with increased population density (PD) within a narrow density range derived from varying tillering across genotypes. Significant correlations existed between PD and ET, E, and PT, especially in the wettest 2017-2018 growing season. Within such narrow PD range, all the correlations between WU parameters and PD were negative, although some correlations were not statistically significant, thereby suggesting the population structure's predominant impact. No significant correlation existed between LIA and both ET and PT within the LIA range of 35°-65°. However, significant correlations occurred between LIA and E in two growing seasons. Genotypes with similar LIA but different PD produced varied ET; while with similar PD, the four pairs of genotypes with different LIA each consumed similar ET, thus highlighting PD's more crucial role in regulating ET. The yield increased with higher LIA, and showed a significant correlation, emphasizing the LIA's significant effect on yield. However, no correlation was observed with PD, indicating the minor effect of tillering at the current sowing density. Therefore these results might offer valuable insights for breeding water-saving cultivars and optimizing population structures for effective field water conservation.

[Application of modified acetabular anteversion and inclination angles test system in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty after lumbar fusion].

Objective: To investigate the accuracy and effectiveness of acetabular cup placement in total hip arthroplasty (THA) after lumbar fusion applying of modified acetabular anteversion and inclination angles test system. Methods: A clinical data of 45 patients undergoing THA for osteoarthritis between January 2018 and June 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. All patients had previously received lumbar fusion. The modified acetabular anteversion and inclination angle test system was used in 26 cases (observation group) and not used in 19 cases (control group) during THA. There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, body mass index, operative side, number of lumbar fusion segments, and preoperative Harris score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The position of acetabular prosthesis, hip function (Harris score), and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: In the observation group, all acetabular cups were in the safe zone (anteversion angle, 25°-30°) during operation, and 1 acetabular cup (3.85%) was not in the safe zone after operation. In the control group, 9 acetabular cups (47.37%) were not in the safe zone. The postoperative difference between the two groups was significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between intra- and post-operative acetabular inclination angles in the observation group ( P>0.05), and the postoperative acetabular inclination angle was significantly smaller in the observation group than in the control group ( P<0.05). All incisions healed by first intention and no infection occurred. All patients were followed up 6 months. There was no significant difference in Harris score between the two groups at different time point ( P>0.05), and there were significant differences between different time points in the two groups ( P<0.05). No joint dislocation occurred in the observation group during follow-up, while dislocation occurred in 2 cases and femoral impingement syndrome occurred in 1 case of the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion: For THA patients with lumbar fusion, the ideal placement angle of the acetabular cup can be obtained by using the modified acetabular anteversion and inclination angles test system during operation.

Experimental study on the influence of non-penetrating crack spatial distribution on brittle fracture process.

To gain insights into the spatial distribution of non-penetrating cracks during the rock fracture process, a comprehensive uniaxial compression test is conducted on cubic gypsum specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) containing two non-penetrating cracks. The two pre-formed cracks are rectangular, with dimensions of 25 mm length, 2 mm width, and depths of 80 mm and 35 mm on adjacent sides of the specimen. The depth of the 80 mm crack can be adjusted from 0° to 150° in increments of 30°, while the other is fixed at a 45° angle. The results show that the spatial distribution of non-penetrating cracks can significantly influence the strength of the specimen. Initially, the strength of the specimen exhibits an upward trend and subsequently declines as the pre-crack inclination angle of the main rupture plane increases, ultimately reaching its pinnacle at 90°. The total percentage of tensile cracks in specimens with different inclinations are found to be 57%, 57%, 63%, 77%, 68%, and 61%, respectively. This change aligns seamlessly with the fluctuation in specimen strength as influenced by the angle of inclination. Non-penetrating cracks can also induce spalling on the specimen surface and give rise to anti-wing cracks, thereby exacerbating the spalling on the specimen surface. The inclinations of non-penetrating cracks can inevitably exert a certain influence on the propagation of neighboring non-penetrating cracks. Additionally, the macro-scale shear fracture of the specimen often occurs on the side of the non-penetrating crack that is deeper. The curved tensile fracture surface formed by the extension of the non-penetrating crack bears resemblance to the non-penetrating region in its ability to somewhat restrain the propagation of new cracks. Even under uniaxial compression, the spalling surface of the specimen containing spatial non-penetrating cracks frequently exhibits fracture characteristics belonging to I-III mode fracture, while its interior may display characteristics belonging to I-II-III mode fracture. These findings hold significant implications for comprehending and elucidating the genuine fracture process and three-dimensional fracture theory of rocks.

Foot radiologic morphology as a predictor of pseudo-jones fractures: A retrospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Fifth metatarsal basis fractures are common injuries. Zone 1 fractures are also known as pseudo-jones fractures. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of foot radiologic morphology on pseudo-Jones fractures. METHODS: Patients with pseudo-Jones fractures formed the case group and individuals with ankle sprains but no fractures formed control group. Weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were evaluated for pre-determined measurements: metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), intermetatarsal angles (1-2, 4-5), calcaneal inclination (CI) angle, and fifth metatarsal base angle. All measurements were performed by a single investigator using digital PACS tools. Statistical analysis compared these radiographic parameters between the groups. RESULTS: The fracture group demonstrated a significantly lower 4-5 intermetatarsal and calcaneal inclination angles than the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, no statistically significant difference was found in the metatarsus adductus angle. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a potential association between foot radiographic morphology and pseudo-Jones fractures. Patients with a lower 4-5 IMA and calcaneal inclination angle may be at a higher risk for developing pseudo-Jones fractures. However, these requires future prospective studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III case control study.

Parameters That Can Be Used to Quantify Reduction Accuracy in Talar Neck Fractures and Malunions: A PRISMA-Compliant Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.

Understanding the three-dimensional anatomy of the talar neck is essential in assessing the accuracy of reduction in talar neck fractures as well as for planning surgical correction for talar malunions. However, the geometrical parameters that describe this anatomy are sparsely reported in the orthopedics literature. We aimed to identify from the existing literature, geometrical parameters that describe the anatomy of the talar neck, determine how these are measured, and their normative values. A scoping literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The primary searches were conducted on the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Any original research study looking at the human talus neck geometry was included. Parameters that described the anatomy of the talar neck were identified, and pooled estimates were determined by the random-effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 test and leave-one-out meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was done to compare the values of parameters between the Asian and Non-Asian populations. The risk of bias was assessed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Case Series Tool. The combined searches yielded 6326 results, of which 21 studies were included in the review and 15 in six different sets of metanalysis. The majority of the studies (n=19, 90.5%) evaluated adult tali, and only two (9.5%) evaluated pediatric tali. In most of the studies (n=13, 61.9%), talus neck geometry was evaluated on dry bones or anatomical specimens; evaluation by imaging techniques (radiographs, CT, MRI, and radiostereometric analysis) was used in eight studies, (39.1%). A total of eight different geometrical parameters (neck length, height, width, declination angle, inclination angle, torsion angle, circumference, and cross-sectional area) were identified. Except for talar torsion, variability was noted in methods of measurement of all other parameters. Subgroup analysis revealed that Asians had a higher neck height as compared to non-Asians; other parameters were not significantly different. Although the literature reports geometrical parameters to assess the talar geometry, the methods of measurement of these parameters are variable. Most of the available literature describes measurement techniques on cadaveric tali, and there is no literature on how these parameters should be measured on conventional CT or MRI slices. Further research needs to focus on the standardization of measurement techniques for these parameters on conventional CT and/or MRI scans.

Measurement of three-dimensional parameters of lower cervical facet joints and design of transarticular facet screw guide / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years,cervical facet joints have been paid more and more attention to the pathogenesis and surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis,but there are few anatomical studies on adult lower cervical facet joints. OBJECTIVE:To measure three-dimensional parameters of the lower cervical facet to provide a basis for the design of the lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide. METHODS:From June 2021 to June 2022,100 cases receiving cervical spine CT examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected,with 50 males and 50 females,aged 20-50 years.After screening,each image showed no cervical spinal stenosis,cervical disc herniation,obvious bone hyperplasia,infection or tumor.The sagittal inclination angle of each segment of the cervical spine facet joint and the angle between the lower cervical spine facet joint surface and the transarticular facet joint screw at the C3-7 levels were measured after 3D reconstruction.According to the measurement results of statistical analysis,a lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide was designed using CAD software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The inclination angle of the cervical facet joint surface on the sagittal plane was distributed in a U-shaped shape centered on C5,and the magnitude relationship was C7>C6>C3>C4>C5.The relationship between transarticular facet screw angles on the sagittal plane was:C6/7>C5/6>C4/5>C3/4,where the angle of C3/4,C4/5 and C5/6 was close to 90°,and the angle of C6/7 exceeded 100°.By measuring the sagittal inclination angle of the cervical facet joint and the angle of the transarticular facet screw,this study designed a guide that was perpendicular to the lower cervical facet joint surface in the sagittal plane.

Radiographic findings in the coxofemoral joint of Australian Cattle Dogs / Achados radiográficos em articulação coxofemoral de cães da raça Australian Cattle Dog

Australian Cattle Dogs (ACD) are medium-sized animals widely used in fieldwork for managing cattle and sheep. There needs to be more information about the conditions these dogs can develop despite being well-characterized animals since the beginning of the 20th century. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a developmental abnormality between the femoral head and the acetabular fossa, which can be debilitating. However, the available literature has no studies on the prevalence of this condition in dogs of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate radiographs of ACD qualitatively and quantitatively. For this purpose, 49 dogs considered healthy without clinical signs of HD were radiographically assessed, and the animals were classified as dysplastic (D) and non-dysplastic (ND). A frequency of 46.9% of dysplastic dogs was observed, with males being more affected. The cortical index (CI) and angle of inclination (AI) could not differentiate D from ND animals; only the Norberg angle (NA) was effective in this differentiation. No correlation was observed between AI, CI, and AN.(AU)

Os cães da raça Autralian Cattle Dog (ACD) são animais de porte médio, muito utilizados no trabalho de campo para manejo de gado e ovelha. Apesar de serem animais bem caracterizados desde o início do século XX, há poucas informações sobre afecções que esses cães podem desenvolver. A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma anormalidade do desenvolvimento entre a cabeça do fêmur e a fossa acetabular podendo ser debilitante. Contudo, não há estudos, na literatura disponível, sobre a prevalência desta afecção em cães dessa raça. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente radiografias de cães da raça ACD. Para tanto, foram avaliados radiograficamente 49 cães considerados hígidos e sem sinais clínicos de DCF. Os animais foram classificados em displásicos (D) e não displásicos (ND). Observou-se a frequência de 46,9% de cães displásicos, sendo os machos mais acometidos. O índice cortical (IC) e o ângulo de inclinação (AI) não foram capazes de diferenciar os animais D dos ND, apenas o ângulo de Norberg (AN) foi eficaz nessa diferenciação. Não houve correlação entre AI, IC e AN.(AU)

Role and efficacy of picture archiving and communication system-assisted preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In clinical application, Picture Archiving and Communication System gradually replaces the traditional preoperative planning mode of acetate template measurement on film, which can accurately obtain the parameters needed in the operation of total knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usage of Picture Archiving and Communication System in planning and assessment pre- and post-operatively in total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Severe knee osteoarthritis patients who undertook total knee arthroplasty in Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from March 2016 to March 2018 were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the trial group (n=32), osteotomy was performed by Picture Archiving and Communication System, and then patients were implanted with knee prosthesis. In the control group (n=32), the osteotomy was performed according to the X-ray film, and then the artificial knee joint prosthesis was implanted. The trajectory of the tibia was tested during the operation. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the knee and the whole length films of the lower limbs were reexamined postoperatively. Tibial plateau inclination angle and valgus or varus angle were measured through Picture Archiving and Communication System. Recovery of lower limb alignment was assessed. Hospital for special surgery knee score on the affected side was analyzed to evaluate the recovery of joint function at postoperative 1, 3 and 12 months. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The satisfaction rate of lower limb alignment and the excellent and good rate of patellar movement trajectory were higher in the trial group than in the control group (100%, 91%; 100%, 94%, P 0. 05). (2) Hospital for special surgery knee score was higher in the trial group than in the control group at postoperative 1 and 3 months [(80. 5±9. 06), (74. 0±6. 42), P 0. 05). (3) No complications or adverse reactions related to implant occurred after operation. (4) Results indicated that personal osteotomy data can be obtained through Picture Archiving and Communication System in the total knee arthroplasty so as to improve the accuracy of osteotomy, better correct the lower limb alignment, obtain excellent patellar trajectory, and obtain better early curative effect of operation. The follow-up results within 1 year were satisfactory. The long-term effect remains to be further observed.

Multivariate predictors of intracranial aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage by regression analysis with emphasis on aneurysm angle / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of aneurismal inclination angle in the intracranial aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage. Methods A total of 2064 patients with intracranial aneurysms (1086 without rupture and hemorrhage, and 978 with rupture and hemorrhage), admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to April 2018, were chosen in our study. DSA examination and three-dimensional reconstruction were used for morphological evaluation of aneurysms, including aneurysm size, location, morphous feature, aneurismal inclination angle, vessel angle, aspect ratio (AR) and size ratio (SR). Risk factors of intracranial aneurysm rupture were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models; two-piecewise linear regression model and smooth curve fitting were used to analyze the saturation threshold effect of aneurismal inclination angle on aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage to evaluate the correlation between aneurismal inclination angle and aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage. Stratified analysis was conducted to clarify the influence of aneurismal inclination angle changes in risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage in presence of various stratified factors (cerebral microbleeds [CMBs], diabetes, and hyperlipidemia). Results Aneurysm inclination angle was an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage (HR=1.02, 95％CI: 1.01-1.03, P=0.000). Risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage increased when aneurismal inclination angle was more than 106.3 degrees for each additional degree; each degree of increase in aneurysm inclination increased the risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage by 3％. As compared with patients without CMBs, risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage increased extra 7％in patients with CMBs for each additional degree of aneurismal inclination angle;as compared with patients without diabetes mellitus MD, for each additional degree of aneurismal inclination angle, risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage increased extra 2％in diabetes patients with fasting blood-glucose (FBG)≤ 6.0 mmol/L, and increased extra 4％in diabetes patients with FBS>6.0 mmol/L, respectively; as compared with patients without hyperlipemia, risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage increased extra 3％in patients with hyperlipemia for each additional degree of aneurismal inclination angle. Conclusion The aneurismal inclination angle is closely related to intracranial aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage, and accurate measurement of aneurismal inclination angle has important clinical significance in assessing the risk of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage.

Reliability study in the measurement of the cusp inclination angle of a chairside digital model / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to evaluate the reliability of the software Picpick in the measurement of the cusp inclination angle of a digital model.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one trimmed models were used as experimental objects. The chairside digital impression was then used for the acquisition of 3D digital models, and the software Picpick was employed for the measurement of the cusp inclination of these models. The measurements were repeated three times, and the results were compared with a gold standard, which was a manually measured experimental model cusp angle. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.@*RESULTS@#The paired t test value of the two measurement methods was 0.91. The ICCs between the two measurement methods and three repeated measurements were greater than 0.9. The digital model achieved a smaller coefficient of variation (9.9%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The software Picpick is reliable in measuring the cusp inclination of a digital model.

Effects of intertrochanteric varus osteotomy on Norberg angle and percent coverage of the femoral head in displastic dogs

This study was conducted to assess the effects of femoral varus osteotomy on joint congruency in dogs affected by early stage hip dysplasia. Preoperative planning to move the femoral head within the acetabulum was carried out. Varisation of the femoral inclination angle (fIA) was achieved by Intertrochanteric Osteotomy (ITO). Norberg angle (NA), percent coverage (PC) of the femoral head by the acetabulum and fIA was measured from preoperative, immediate postoperative and first and second recheck radiographs of seven dogs that underwent an ITO (joint n = 9). There was significant (p < 0.05) improvement of both NA and PC in all patients as indicated by a change in the mean +/- standard deviation of 78.9degrees +/- 7.5 and 36.9% +/- 5.2 to 92.2degrees +/- 6.7 and 50.6% +/- 8.3, respectively. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the values of the planned femoral inclination angle (pfIA) of the femur and the effective femoral inclination angle (efIA) obtained after surgery (115.9degrees +/- 2.5 and 111.3degrees +/- 6.4, respectively). These findings could encourage the use of ITO in veterinary practice and indicate that intertrochanteric varus osteotomy should be re-considered for the treatment of early stage hip dysplasia in dogs with radiological signs of joint incongruency.

Associação entre o ângulo de Norberg, o percentual de cobertura da cabeça femoral, o índice cortical e o ângulo de inclinação em cães com displasia coxofemoral / Associations among Norberg angle, percentage of femoral head coverage, cortico-medullary index, and femoral inclination angle in dogs with hip dysplasia

Foram avaliadas 386 radiografias da articulação coxofemoral, sendo 220 de cães da raça Pastor Alemão, 112 machos e 108 fêmeas, e 166 da raça Labrador Retriever, 69 machos e 97 fêmeas. As radiografias foram classificadas segundo o grau de displasia coxofemoral (DCF), e foram mensurados o ângulo de inclinação, o ângulo de Norberg, o índice cortical e o percentual de cobertura da cabeça femoral de ambos os lados. As variáveis foram associadas mediante análise estatística multivariada de componentes principais. As variáveis índice cortical e ângulo de inclinação foram inversamente associadas. A raça Pastor Alemão apresentou valores de índice cortical e graus de DCF mais baixos em relação à raça Labrador Retriever. Maior ângulo de inclinação foi associado a menor ângulo de Norberg e menor percentual de cobertura. Animais mais velhos apresentaram menor ângulo de Norberg, menor porcentagem de cobertura e maior grau de DCF. Nas fêmeas, foram observados menor porcentagem de cobertura, menor ângulo de Norberg e maior grau de DCF. Pode-se concluir que o ângulo de inclinação e o índice cortical não demonstraram associação com a DCF.

A total of 386 radiographs of the pelvis were evaluated, being 220 of German Shepherd dogs (112 males and 108 females) and 166 of Labrador Retrievers (69 males and 97 females). The radiographs were degree classified regarding the of hip dysplasia (DHD). The Norberg and inclination angles, the cortico-medullary index, and the percentage coverage of the femoral head were measured and associated using multivariate statistical technique (principal component analysis). The cortico-medullary index and the inclination angle were inversely associated. The results indicated that German Shepherd Dogs showed lower cortico-medullary index and DHD compared with Labrador Retrievers. The higher the inclination angle, the lower the Norberg angle and percentage coverage of the femoral head. It was observed that with age, animals showed lower Norberg angles and percentage coverage of the femoral head, thus more hip dysplasia severity. Females were associated to lower femoral head coverage and Norberg angles, and more severe DHD. Femoral inclination angle and cortico-medullary index did not demonstrate a correlation to DHD.

Radiographic Examination at Lateral Decubitus Position for Reducing the Variability of Cup Inclination / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the factors related to a variable inclination angle in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty by taking pelvis AP X-rays in the lateral decubitus position with a 45degrees targeted goniometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 100 adults (50 men and 50 women) who were without a history of hip joint disease. The mean age was 30.1 years for the men and 33.7 years for the women. The circumferences of the shoulder and pelvis, the shoulder to pelvis ratio, and the body mass index were checked. We examined the radiographs with using a goniometer, which was targeted to 45degrees for allowing a rod to be across the center of the acetabulum. The cross angle between the rod and the interteardrop line was checked. RESULTS: On the comparison of the gender groups, the shoulder to pelvis ratio was on average 1.18 in men and it was 1.08 in women. The mean cross angle was 45.3degrees in men and 48.1degrees in women. As the ratio was increased, the cross angle decreased. CONCLUSION: For men, there was little pelvic tilt in the lateral decubitus position. But for women, if inserting the acetabular cup with the acetabular orientation at 45degrees is done without considering the pelvic tilt inclination at the lateral decubitus position, then the inclination angle could be lower than expected.

Osteotomia femoral em cúpula para correção do ângulo de inclinação do colo do fémur / Femoral cupola osteotomy for correction of femoral neck inclination angle

Utilizou-se a osteotomia femoral em cúpula em um cão que apresentava aumento do ângulo de inclinação do colo do fêmur e subluxação da articulação coxofemoral. A linha de osteotomia situou-se cerca de 1 cm distal ao trocanter menor, no sentido látero-medial. Para a imobilização utilizou-se um fio de Steinmann passando pelo trocanter maior e por toda a extensão do fêmur. Um fio de aço foi colocado em orifícios ósseos produzidos nos segmentos proximal e distal do fêmur para a realização de sutura óssea. A técnica empregada culminou em: diminuição de 35° no ângulo de inclinação, rebaixamento da cabeça do fêmur, elevação do trocanter maior, congruência da articulação e encurtamento de 3cm do membro. A consolidação ocorreu cerca de 90 dias após a cirurgia.

Femoral cupola osteotomy was performed in a dog with a large femoral inclination angie and hip subluxation. Osteotomy owas performed 1 cm distal to the lesser trochanter from lateral to medial cortex. Immobilization was performed owith a Steinamnnpin drivenfrom the greater trochanter and through two boles drilled proximal and distal to the osteotomy line. The technique produced: 35° decrease on inclination angle, lowering of the femoral head, elevation of the greater trochanter, congruity of the hip and 3cm limb shortening. Consolidation occured 90 days after the surgery.

A Study on the Changes in the Lumbar Lordosis, Lumbosacral and Sacral Inclination Angle during Aging / 체질인류학회지

Three parameters (lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral and sacral inclination angle) were measured on 512 normal plain lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine and the patterns of change during aging were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The lumbar lordosis angle showed a tendency to increase with age. But a brief decrease was observed after the 6th decade in both sexes, between the 2(nd) and 3(rd) decades in males, and between the 3(rd) and 4(th) decades in females. The lumbar spines of females were generally more lordotic than those of males. 2. The lumbosacral angle appeared to increase with age. The angle in males showed a decline between the 2nd and 4th decades while the angle in females decreased after the 6th decade. Males usually had greater angles than females. 3. The sacral inclination angle continued to increase until the 6th decade, after which a decrease was noted. The angle in females was generally greater than that in males. These results showed that all three angles varied with age, and the pattern of change differed between male and female.