RESUMO
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a common respiratory disease in children. Globally，invasive pneumococcal disease（IPD），which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection，is one of the leading causes of death in children. The use of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine has provided protection for children to some extent，but the prevalence of pathogenic and drug-resistant non-vaccine type（NVT）Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a grave threat to children's health. Due to the different use of vaccines and antibiotics in different regions，there are regional variations in the NVT distribution. This paper reviews the pathogenic process of Streptococcus pneumoniae，the mechanism of NVT production，the geographical distribution and the pathogenic condition of NVT，in order to fully understand the pathogenicity and harm of NVT，to provide data support for the adjustment of health strategy，and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and future vaccine development and use.