Preservation or removal of the lateral nasal wall in endoscopic management of maxillary sinus neoplasia: A comparison of approach related morbidity.

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy (MMM) and prelacrimal approach (PLA) are two routinely performed endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus when access via a middle meatal antrostomy is insufficient. However, there is no data in the literature that has compared outcomes and complication profile between the two procedures to determine which approach is superior. OBJECTIVE: To compare the approach related morbidity of PLA and MMM. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive adult patients undergoing either MMM or PLA from 2009 to 2023 were identified. The primary outcome was development of epistaxis, paraesthesia, lacrimal injury, iatrogenic sinus dysfunction within a minimum of 3 months post-operative follow up. RESULTS: 39 patients (44 sides) underwent PLA and 96 (96 sides) underwent MMM. There were no statistically significant differences between the rates of paraesthesia (9.1 % vs 14.6 %, p = 0.367) or prolonged paraesthesia (2.3 % vs 5.2 %, p = 0.426), iatrogenic maxillary sinus dysfunction (2.3 % vs 5.2 %, p = 0.426) or adhesions requiring removal (4.5 % vs 4.2 %, p = 0.918). No cases of epiphora or nasal cavity stenosis occurred in either arm in our study. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, the endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy and prelacrimal approach are both equally safe approaches with their own benefits to access.

A clinical approach to the investigation and management of long COVID associated neuropathic pain.

COVID-19 has been associated with a wide range of ongoing symptoms following recovery from the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Around one in three people with COVID-19 develop neurological symptoms with many reporting neuropathic pain and associated symptoms, including paraesthesia, numbness, and dysesthesia. Whilst the pathophysiology of long COVID-19-associated neuropathic pain remains unclear, it is likely to be multifactorial. Early identification, exclusion of common alternative causes, and a biopsychosocial approach to the management of the symptoms can help in relieving the burden of disease and improving the quality of life for patients.

Characteristics of pharyngeal paraesthesia symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate pharyngeal paraesthesia symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with snoring and suspected OSA as well as age-matched controls were recruited. All participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and pharyngeal paraesthesia assessment using the Glasgow-Edinburgh throat scale (GETS). The incidence and severity of pharyngeal paraesthesia symptoms were compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 280 patients who snored or were suspected of having OSA and 35 healthy, age-matched controls were recruited. The total pharyngeal paraesthesia symptom score was significantly higher in the OSA group than in the healthy group (12 [5, 23] vs. 3 [0, 9]; p < 0.001). The most frequent pharyngeal paraesthesia symptoms in the snore patients were Q7 (catarrh down the throat) and Q3 (discomfort/irritation in the throat), which are related to the irritability of the throat. The incidence of Q7 (OSA, 58% vs. controls, 14%; χ2 = 23.66; p < 0.001), Q3 (OSA, 46% vs. controls, 3%; χ2 = 23.07; p < 0.001), Q1 (feeling of something stuck in the throat; OSA, 33% vs. controls, 6%; χ2 = 11.00; p = 0.001), Q6 (swelling in the throat; OSA, 31% vs. controls, 0%; χ2 = 14.53; p < 0.001), Q9 (want to swallow all the time; OSA, 20% vs. controls, 6%; χ2 = 6.28; p = 0.012), Q5 (throat closing off; OSA, 24% vs. controls, 6%; χ2 = 6.16; p = 0.013), and Q2 (pain in the throat; OSA, 23% vs. controls, 6%; χ2 = 5.32; p = 0.021) was significantly higher in the OSA group than in the controls CONCLUSIONS: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea have higher pharyngeal paraesthesia symptoms scores and tend to have irritated throats compared to healthy controls. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03506178.

Self-assessed neurological disturbances after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar: a pragmatic prospective study on 423 surgical extractions in 247 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the combined role of current radiographic risk indicators and patient age in predicting lower lip sensitivity disturbances after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. The question was which combinations indicate low or high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was implemented involving 247 consecutive outpatients who underwent 423 surgical extractions. The predictor variables were patient age and risk indicators observed on panoramic radiographs. The outcome variable was the incidence of self-assessed lip sensitivity alterations. The extractions were subdivided into four groups according to the predictors. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-five teeth were extracted in patients younger than 25 years and 178 in patients 25 years old or older; radiographic risk indicators were associated with 226 out of 423 teeth (53.43%). No permanent neurological damage was observed. Transient lip sensitivity alterations were observed in five cases (1.18%; 95% confidence interval = 0.4 to 2.7%), all in the older group with radiographic risk indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a low overall incidence of transient lip sensitivity impairment that occurred only in the presence of radiographic risk indicators in patients aged ≥ 25 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Informed consent should include the possibility of inferior alveolar nerve injury in mature patients with radiographic risk indicators. Prophylactic removal of impacted teeth with radiographic signs of risk may be indicated when the patient is not yet aged 25 years.

First three cases of scalp temperature change in symptomatic areas affected by nummular headache: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Nummular headache is a distinct headache disorder characterized by a rounded or elliptical symptomatic area that is typically 2 to 6 cm in diameter and does not change in shape or size with time. Although the pathomechanism is still not clear, nummular headache is thought to be a primary headache disorder. To date, more than 250 cases have been reported; the symptoms of this disease vary, but no cases with scalp temperature changes in the symptomatic areas have been reported yet. In this study, we present three patients with a new manifestation of nummular headache, in which the symptomatic areas of the scalp were colder or warmer than normal areas; we believe that our work might be helpful for medical practitioners and researchers. CASE PRESENTATION: The temperature differences between the symptomatic areas and the normal areas were tested in three patients with nummular headache accompanied by changes in scalp temperature. Three patients' symptomatic areas were either colder or warmer than the normal areas. In every case, we took measurements from the painful site and from the opposite side of the head. The margin of error was 0.01 °C, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We firmly believe that our study will provide an enriched understanding of the variation in clinical manifestations of nummular headache. Our observations might also have clinical implications regarding the pathomechanism of this disease, which remains largely unclear at present.

Prevalence of neuropathic pain and sensory alterations after dental implant placement in a university-based oral surgery department: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and the clinical features of patients with neuropathic pain and sensory alterations after dental implant placement. BACKGROUND: Literature is very scarce concerning the prevalence of neuropathic pain after dental implant placement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was made in patients submitted to dental implant placement in the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona. A descriptive analysis of the data was made, and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the prevalences. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 1156 subjects of whom, 1012 patients (3743 dental implants) met the study inclusion criteria. Four hundred and seventeen patients (41.2%) were male and 595 (58.8%) were female, with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 16-90 years). Three patients were diagnosed as having painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTN), which corresponds to a prevalence of 0.3% (95% CI: 0%-0.6%). Additionally, 5 patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0%-1.07%) presented trigeminal neuropathy without pain (TNWP). The combined prevalence of both disorders was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.02%-1.3%). All patients with PPTN and TNWP were 60 years old or older, with a total combined prevalence of 1.48% (95% CI: 0.46%-2.5%) in this age group. Additionally, the prevalence in this age group for women was 1.85% (95%CI: 0.38%-3.31%). CONCLUSIONS: Neuropathic pain after dental implant placement is very infrequent (0.3%) in a University Oral Surgery department. However, the presence of trigeminal neuropathies can be slightly higher and can affect up to 0.5% of patients. Older female patients seem to be more prone to this rare and disabling complication.

Varicose vein therapy and nerve lesions.

Treating varicose veins using endovenous thermal techniques - especially laser and radio frequency ablation - has emerged as an effective alternative to open surgery with stripping and high ligation. Even though these methods are very gentle and patient-friendly, they are nevertheless accompanied by risks and side effects. Compared to open surgical therapy, the risk of damage to peripheral and motor nerves is reduced; however, it still exists as a result of heat exposure and tumescent anaesthesia. Non-thermal methods that can be applied without tumescent anaesthesia have been introduced to the market. They pose a considerably lower risk of nerve lesions while proving to be much more effective. This paper investigates data on postoperative nerve damage and paraesthesia using internet research (PubMed). It analyses the current state of knowledge regarding non-thermal treatment methods and takes into account the latest developments in the use of cyanoacrylate to close insufficient saphenous veins.

[Protecting the inferior alveolar nerve: coronectomy of lower third molars. Review]. / A nervus alveolaris inferior védelmében: alsó bölcsességfogak coronectomiája. Irodalmi áttekintés.

Coronectomy of lower impacted wisdom teeth is the partial removal of third molars, aiming to avoid inferior alveolar nerve injuries. The coronectomy procedure has several crucial points, such as the pulpal, periapical preoperative conditions of the tooth, the way of crown sectioning and decoronation, the wound closure and the length of patients' follow up. In addition it is important to identify and manage possible intraoperative or postoperative complications correctly. According to the literature, the complication rate of coronectomy is usually lower, than that of total teeth removal, furthermore considering inferior alveolar nerve injuries, coronectomy is significantly the safer procedure. The aim of the authors was to review the relevant literature, defining the indications, contraindications and the correct implementation of the coronectomy and to demonstrate the causes and incidences of failures and complications. Further aim was to promote the domestic acceptance of this procedure. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(45): 1787-1793.

The extrusion of root canal cement containing paraformaldehyde into the inferior alveolar nerve canal resulting in infection and numbness.

AIM: To describe the impact of extruded paraformaldehyde-containing root canal cement into the inferior alveolar nerve canal following a delay in removal and the subsequent management of the case. SUMMARY: A 30-year-old man was referred for management of prolonged anaesthesia in the right mandibular region following root canal treatment. Panoramic and cone beam computed tomography findings revealed that overextruded root canal cement had penetrated into the inferior alveolar nerve canal beyond the distal root of the mandibular right second molar (tooth 47). The root canal cement contained paraformaldehyde. Initially, the patient refused surgical removal of the cement. However, after 3.5 months, the patient returned with an acute infection in the same region. After resolution of the acute abscess and root canal retreatment, surgical treatment was performed under general anaesthesia. Granulation tissue and necrotic bone were found associated with the cement.

Isolated facial diplegia in Guillain-Barré syndrome: Bifacial weakness with paresthesias.

Bifacial weakness with paresthesias (BFP) is a subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome defined by rapidly progressive bilateral facial weakness in the absence of other cranial neuropathies, ataxia, or limb weakness. Many patients also complain of distal limb paresthesias and display diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. BFP is a localized form of Guillain-Barré syndrome and is thought to be caused exclusively by demyelinating- rather than axonal-type neuropathy. Patients with BFP do not display anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies. Since it is rare, many physicians are unfamiliar with BFP, as bilateral facial weakness is more commonly associated with sarcoidosis, Lyme disease, or meningeal pathology. Many patients diagnosed with bilateral Bell palsy may instead have BFP. In this review, we highlight the clinical features of BFP and outline diagnostic criteria.

Hepatitis E virus infection presenting with paraesthesia.

Hepatitis E virus infection is an emerging disease in developed countries. Acute and chronic infection has been reported, with chronic infection being increasingly reported in immunocompromised patients. Neurological disorders are an emerging manifestation of both acute and chronic hepatitis E virus infection. We report a 77-year-old female presented with paraesthesia and was found to have abnormal liver function tests. Serology was found to be positive for hepatitis E virus IgM, IgG and RNA. Liver function tests normalised after three weeks and her neurological symptoms completely resolved. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Scotland of hepatitis E virus presenting only with neurological symptoms.

Occurrence of neurosensory disturbance after the use of articaine and lidocaine in the inferior alveolar nerve block: a double-blind randomised clinical trial.

This double-blind, randomised clinical trial aimed to find out whether there is a difference in the prevalence of neurosensory disturbance (NSD) between patients who received 2% lidocaine and those who received 4% articaine during inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs). Patients who underwent third molar extraction were randomised into two groups. IANB was performed using 2% lidocaine in Group 1 and 4% articaine in Group 2. The occurrence of NSD was documented. Patients were visited within 48 hours and one week after the tooth was removed. The type of anaesthetic drug (4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine) was the study's predictive factor. A total of 2400 patients were studied in two groups (1200 in each group). The mean (range) age of the patients was 28.40 (18-44) years. Five patients (0.41%) in the lidocaine group and seven (0.58%) in the articaine group had NSD after injection (p = 0.77). The prevalence of NSD after IANB was no higher in the articaine group than in the lidocaine group.

Permanent lingual nerve injury after dental procedures: a retrospective study of 228 patients.

Lingual nerve injury (LNI) is a rare, serious complication and previous studies include limited numbers of cases. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the neurosensory outcomes for a large patient cohort with permanent LNI and correlate the mechanism of injury (surgical vs non-surgical) to neurosensory characteristics. Demographics, procedural parameters, mandibular third molar (M3) position, surgeon type, neurosensory test results, and symptoms were recorded for 228 patients and analysed. The majority were female (67.1%). Overall, 59.6% of LNIs were caused by M3 removal and 36.4% by local anaesthesia. Complete loss occurred more frequently in surgical LNIs (P = 0.013). The presence of pain did not differ significantly, however the burning type of pain was significantly more frequent in non-surgical LNIs (P = 0.008) along with altered gustation (P = 0.025). The most common M3 position related to LNI was distoangular (40.4%), class III (63.2%), level A (58.1%) (Winter/Pell and Gregory classifications). The majority of patients undergoing M3 removal were >24 years. A total of 71.7% showed no sign of recovery and 5.5% reported further impairment in their condition. Overall, nine patients underwent microsurgical repair. This study presents neurosensory characteristics potentially decisive for timely referral of operable LNIs.

The Need for Early Screening of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot in MENA Region: A Review.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Among all complications of DPN, diabetic foot (DF) can cause a myriad of symptoms and impact the quality of life. This study aimed to review the prevalence of DPN and DF in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region based on the publications available. This systematic review can be a cornerstone for further research and it summarizes the literature published on the prevalence of DPN and DF for the last two decades in the MENA region. METHODOLOGY: The databases, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched using relevant keywords for the study. Full articles in English since 2000, including keywords "Prevalence", "Diabetic peripheral neuropathy", "Diabetic foot", and "MENA region" were reviewed in two phases. All authors screened the titles and abstracts of the articles individually, which was followed by a screening of full texts. A consensus was made among all the authors for the final selection of the articles based on the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Ten selected articles on the prevalence of DPN were reviewed in the first phase of the study, which reported varying prevalence rates among the different countries of the MENA region ranging from 9% to 61%. In the second phase, only two articles on DF prevalence were shortlisted. They reported the prevalence of DF as 4.6% and 18.1% in Jordan and Sudan, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DPN in the MENA region is varied within a short period of time and the reported prevalence of DF is limited. This study projects a strong need of establishing early screening strategies for DPN and DF to prevent further complications and decrease healthcare burden.

Biomechanical analysis and comparison between 'Zeta' miniplate design and conventional miniplate system for fixation of fracture segments in transition zone of parasymphysis body region of mandible - an in vitro study.

The parasymphysis area of the mandible is highly dynamic because it is subjected to both occlusal and muscular forces. As a result, the fractures in this transition zone have a special pattern, posing a challenge for surgeons whether to use one miniplate versus two miniplates, as per Champy's recommendations. The commonest complication resulting to treat this area is mental nerve paraesthesia due to the dissection and stretching of the nerve. Hence, an in vitro research study of a newly designed 'Zeta' miniplate is performed, to evaluate the biomechanical behaviour using finite element (FE) analysis and biomechanical analysis along with a comparison study with the conventional miniplate configurations. The results showed that the Zeta miniplate produces the lowest stresses 17.511 MPa and the least total structural deformation of 0.0011 mm after applying the maximum occlusal bite force. On application of torsional load, total structural deformation was 0.0004 mm and von Mises (VM) stress value was 0.24 MPa which was lowest when compared with the two miniplate system. Hence, the newly developed Zeta miniplate is superior in terms of stability. Another benefit of its design is that it helps in preventing mental nerve paraesthesia and tooth root damage while fixing and stabilising the fractured bony segments.

Mandibular Unilateral Paresthesia Following Implant Placement and Clinical Management: Clinical Case Report.

Dental implantology has been considered the mainstay in the rehabilitation of partial or complete edentulism. Nevertheless, complications and failures are occasionally encountered, and the most significant is the neurosensory disturbance. It not only causes persistent discomfort to the patient but frequently degrades the patient's oral health-related quality of life, even leading to a negative psychological impact. This paper presents a case report of a 65-year-old male patient who underwent the replacement of his missing tooth in the right mandibular region (46) with an implant-supported prosthesis two years ago. Since then, he has been experiencing numbness in the right side of the lip and occasional drooling of saliva from the right corner of the mouth. Clinical examination revealed the presence of a prosthetic crown supported by an implant in relation to 46 with inflamed and enlarged gingiva in the region with paresthesia of the right lower lip region. Radiological examination with orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed that the implant apex rested on the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Careful surgical retrieval of the well-osseointegrated implant was performed under local anesthesia in about seven days. The patient gradually experienced neurosensory improvement, and the paraesthesia was completely resolved in a six-week period. After complete recovery, as evaluated with an objective and subjective assessment, the edentulous site was successfully restored with a provisional fixed partial denture.

Bilateral Facial Paralysis in an Atypical Clinical Onset of COVID-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with a diverse range of extrapulmonary manifestations since its global outbreak in 2019. One of its rare complications is Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a post-infectious neurological disorder that manifests with a characteristic ascending limb paralysis. Here, we describe the atypical case of a 42-year-old African American male who developed bilateral facial paralysis within five weeks of testing positive for COVID-19. Initial diagnostic imaging and blood studies were negative for acute pathology. Albuminocytological dissociation found in a subsequent analysis of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and his appropriate therapeutic response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) indicated GBS as the most likely diagnosis.

Laryngeal sensory dysfunction in laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diseases associated with laryngeal dysfunction include chronic refractory cough (CRC), paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM), muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and globus pharyngeus. We hypothesized the presence of a common sensory laryngeal dysfunction, the 'laryngeal hypersensitivity' syndrome, in these conditions. The aim of the study was to compare symptoms and sensory function in patients with CRC, PVFM, MTD and globus. METHODS: The 103 participants included healthy controls (n = 13) and four case groups: CRC (n = 33), PVFM (n = 28), globus pharyngeus (n = 11) and MTD (n = 18). Participants completed self-report questionnaires: Symptom Frequency and Severity Scale, Voice Handicap Index and the Laryngeal Paraesthesia Questionnaire; and quantitative sensory testing: capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity, hypertonic saline challenge, the timed swallow test, acoustic voice testing, cough frequency monitor and a voice stress test. RESULTS: All case groups reported a high-symptom burden in comparison to controls. The case groups showed a similar pattern of symptoms, with impairment in each of the cough, respiration, vocal and upper airway symptom domains. Objective testing revealed significant sensory impairment in the case groups compared to controls and also showed an overlap in sensory dysfunction between the four case groups. Furthermore, there was cross-sensory stimulation of symptoms whereby stimulation of a particular response resulted in symptoms in another domain. CONCLUSIONS: These discrete clinical laryngeal syndromes display considerable overlap in their clinical features and a common sensory dysfunction, supporting the 'laryngeal hypersensitivity' hypothesis. Reconceptualizing functional laryngeal disorders as a form of laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome provides an alternative approach to management of these perplexing conditions.

A Rare Diagnosis of Paraesthesia in the Pediatric Age Group: Unmasking the Male Factor.

Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts are an uncommon condition and their exact causative triggers are still unclear. They appear to be extradural arachnoid outpouchings that connect to the intraspinal subarachnoid region via a little dura defect. These cysts are most commonly seen in the thoracic spine, followed by the lumbosacral junction. Compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots leads to the development of the symptoms. The most morbid symptom associated with these compressing extradural cysts is paresthesia. Numerous theories have been proposed about their origins, and the related conditions include spinal trauma, spina bifida, and the lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. Their position in the spine influences the symptoms manifested. The diagnosis is made via MRI. Surgery is only performed on individuals with neurological impairment, and treatment is based on the clinical presentation. The preferred course of therapy is total surgical excision. We present a case that involves the successful surgical removal of an extradural spinal arachnoid cyst in a 10-year-old girl. Given the rarity of this pathology, its wide array of presenting symptoms, and the successful therapeutic protocol that was followed in this particular case, we believe this article shall prove beneficial to the medical fraternity.