Superconscious processes as mental images of a higher order (in the context of telezombification).

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The paper aims to examine superconscious processes as mental images of a higher order in the context of telezombification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The authors used interpretive research paradigm, psychoanalysis, basic principles of hermeneutics, phenomenological approach along with general scientific methods, such as induction, deduction, generalization, etc. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: With the beginning of the russian full-scale attack on Ukraine, russian atrocities in Bucha, Mariupol and other cities and villages of the country, many Ukrainian citizens asked about what has happened to the russian society, the state authorities, who set the goal of destroying Ukraine as a state and all its inhabitants as a nation. Then Ukrainians have labelled the invaders and the authorities of Russia as non-humans. And this is a fair name for them. The fact is that these occupiers and their neo-Nazi leaders have a destroyed, distorted consciousness as a result of which they became incapable of realizing their thought processes. The consciousness of such persons gradually degrades towards animal thinking, the so-called proto-thinking. This is one direction to not realizing one's intentions and actions at the level of both subconscious and partially conscious analysis of primary mental images (images of a first and second orders). The second direction is the role of superconscious processes, in particular mental images of a higher level, which also form the worldview positions of an individual in the process of viewing and listening to certain information, while remaining, at the same time, unconscious until a certain time. Together, these directions form a person's attitude to existing social and worldview problems.

Possibilities and paradoxes in medicine: love of order, loveless order and the order of love.

We have a desire to discover and create order, and our constitution, including our rational faculties, indicates that we are predisposed for such productivity. This affinity for order and the establishment of order is fundamental to humans and naturally also leaves its mark on the medical discipline. When this profession is made subject to criticism, frequently in terms of well-used reproofs such as reductionism, reification and de-humanisation, this systematising productivity is invariably involved in some way or other. It is, however, problematic that we rarely delve deeper and ask what order means, or reflect on its underlying, omnipresent and self-evident role. In order to approach this challenge, we initially and briefly place order in a conceptual and historical context. In what follows, we examine order explicitly, i.e. made an object of study, by taking a closer look at extensive multidisciplinary efforts to uncover the secrets of all its facets. Here we also try to identify some systems of order in medical science, including methodological and procedural order, which are indispensable as well as a source of problems. In the sections that follow, order is not defined as an explicit object of study, but comes to light in some exploratory and philosophising projects based on physics, mathematics and phenomenology . Each of these lets order and that which is ordered emerge in ways that may also shed light on opportunities and paradoxes in the medical domain. Key themes here include the Gordian knot of psyche - soma, the order of disorder and the patient as Other.

The Politics of Clinic and Critique in Southern Brazil.

Drawing on a historical ethnography of how Brazil's post-dictatorial psychiatric reforms have shaped young people's lives, this paper builds on Eve Sedgwick's analysis of the hermeneutics of suspicion to show that narrow applications of Foucault's biopower concept nurture forms of resistance to bio-reductionism centred primarily on epistemic deconstruction. To unsettle this hermeneutic, I put young people's theories of power into conversation with Georges Canguilhem's concept of the milieu and with feminist scholars' work on prefigurative politics. I introduce the concepts of threading and unthreading to consider how one subject of biopower, the child-like biobehavioural figure, was continuously being threaded within a specific milieu and in relation to another key figure: the elite angst-ridden 'storm-and-stress' adolescent. Young people's subsequent unthreading and reweaving politics, flourishing in co-construction with what I call the politicizing clinic, illustrate how decolonial pedagogies can incrementally change the patterning of social life.

LESSONS FROM THE HEART: REVISITING THE PSYCHOCARDIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ARISTOTLE IN THE 21ST CENTURY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To provide an overview of the psychocardiological theories of Aristotle and discuss their implications in contemporary research and clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Specific keywords (brain, heart, cardiology, psychiatry, psychocardiology, Aristotle, cardiocentric) were subjected to list down and analyze the literature in PubMed and Google Scholar. All types of articles, including original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, along with gray literature dating back to 1950. We excluded studies reporting a significant conflict of interest and findings dispersed through popular media instead of peer-reviewed journals. Out of all articles, as per inclusion criteria and readings, we selected 26 for further analysis and narrative to build. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Although this knowledge is currently outdated, revisiting his findings and methods is a source of lessons and inspirations for modern researchers and practitioners.

Psychological Consequences of the Most Common Dermatoses: Data from the Objectifs Peau Study.

The prevalence of psychological disorders in patients with common skin diseases was assessed in a large representative sample of the French adult population. General health, as measured by the EQ5D score, was significantly lower if patients reported having rosacea, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, fungal infections, psoriasis or acne. The proportions of participants reporting being extremely anxious or depressed were higher in those who reported having rosacea, atopic dermatitis or contact dermatitis. Difficulties in sexual and conjugal life were frequently reported by people with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria and, in particular, acne. Sleep disorders were present in 30-50% of those who reported having acne, rosacea, eczema, psoriasis or urticaria. Sleep disorders may be related not only to pruritus, but also to disfiguring skin diseases. Anxiety and depression complications were mainly reported by those with disfiguring diseases. Sexual and conjugal dysfunctions were associated with all dermatoses (with the exception of warts).

Itch and Psyche: Bilateral Associations.

Beginning from embryological development, skin and psyche are closely related to physiological state regardless of age. Altering the homeostasis of one of these components impacts on the other, thereby substantiating that the relationship between itch and psyche is bilateral. Itch has a complex pathogenesis, which involves the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as various inflammatory mediators. This paper reviews key aspects of itch pathogenesis, relevant associations with stress, the contagiousness of itch, psychological and psychiatric considerations related to itch, and the burden of itch with respect to impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stigmatization. Despite the fact that itch-psyche associations still pose many questions, current knowledge supports the role of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to these patients in order to improve their well-being.

PSYCHE-A Valuable Experiment in Plant NMR-Metabolomics.

1H-NMR is a very reproducible spectroscopic method and, therefore, a powerful tool for the metabolomic analysis of biological samples. However, due to the high complexity of natural samples, such as plant extracts, the evaluation of spectra is difficult because of signal overlap. The new NMR "Pure Shift" methods improve spectral resolution by suppressing homonuclear coupling and turning multiplets into singlets. The PSYCHE (Pure Shift yielded by Chirp excitation) and the Zangger-Sterk pulse sequence were tested. The parameters of the more suitable PSYCHE experiment were optimized, and the extracts of 21 Hypericum species were measured. Different evaluation criteria were used to compare the suitability of the PSYCHE experiment with conventional 1H-NMR. The relationship between the integral of a signal and the related bin value established by linear regression demonstrates an equal representation of the integrals in binned PSYCHE spectra compared to conventional 1H-NMR. Using multivariate data analysis based on both techniques reveals comparable results. The obtained data demonstrate that Pure Shift spectra can support the evaluation of conventional 1H-NMR experiments.

Monitoring Conformational Changes in an Enzyme Conversion Inhibitor Using Pure Shift Exchange NMR Spectroscopy.

We report the acquisition of 2D NMR EXSY spectra with ultrahigh resolution, which allows for probing the slow conformational exchange process in a pharmaceutical compound. The resolution enhancement is achieved by implementing interferogram based PSYCHE homonuclear decoupling to generate a pure shift proton spectrum along the direct domain of the resulting data. The performance of this pure shift EXSY pulse sequence is compared to the standard experiment recorded under identical conditions. It is found that although being less sensitive and requiring a longer acquisition time, the quality of pure shift spectra allows for extracting exchange rates values that are coherent with the ones determined by standard approach, on a temperature range that demonstrates the robustness of the chosen homonuclear decoupling method. The resolution enhancement provided by the simplification of proton line shape allows for probing a higher number of proton sites whose analysis would have been biased using a standard method. These results open the way to a thorough and accurate study of chemical exchange processes based on a multi-site analysis of 2D pure shift EXSY spectra.

Identification of metabolites in coriander seeds (Coriandrum Sativum L.) aided by ultrahigh resolution total correlation NMR spectroscopy.

NMR is a fast method for obtaining a holistic snapshot of the metabolome and also offers quantitative information without separating the compounds present in a complex mixture. Identification of the metabolites present in a plant extract sample is a crucial step for all plant metabolomics studies. In the present work, we used various two dimensional (2D) NMR methods such as J-resolved NMR, total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence sensitivity enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the identification of 36 common metabolites present in Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract. The identified metabolites belong to the following classes: organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. 1 H NMR spectra of such complex mixtures in general display tremendous signal overlap due to the presence of a large number of metabolites with closely resonating multiplet signals. This signal overlapping leads to ambiguity in an assignment, and hence, identification of metabolites becomes tedious or impossible in many cases. Therefore, the utility of pure-shift proton spectrum along the indirect (F1 ) dimension of the F1 -PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum is demonstrated for overcoming ambiguity in assignment of metabolites in crowded spectral regions from Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract sample. Because pure-shift NMR methods yield ultrahigh resolution spectrum (i.e., a singlet peak per chemical site) along one or more dimensions, such spectra provide better identification of metabolites compared with regular 2D TOCSY where signal overlap and peak distortions lead to ambiguity in the assignment. Nine metabolites were unambiguously assigned by pure-shift F1 -PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum, which was unresolved in regular TOCSY spectrum.

Synthesis of new cyano-substituted analogues of Tröger's bases from bromo-derivatives. A stereochemical dependence of long-range (n JHH , n = 4, 5, and 6) proton-proton and proton-carbon (n JCH , n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) coupling constants of these compounds.

A free-catalyst microwave-assisted cyanation of brominated Tröger's base derivatives (2a-f) is reported. The procedure is simple, efficient, and clean affording the nitrile compounds (3a-e, I) in very good yields. Complete assignment of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of 2a-f, I and 3a-d, I was achieved using gradient selected 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques (1D zTOCSY, PSYCHE, DPFGSE NOE, and DEPT), homonuclear 2D NMR techniques (gCOSY and zTOCSY), and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (gHSQCAD/or pure-shift gHSQCAD, gHMBCAD, bsHSQCNOESY, and gHSQCAD-TOCSY) with adiabatic pulses. Determination of the long-range proton-proton coupling constants n JHH (n = 4, 5, 6) was accomplished by simultaneous irradiation of two protons at appropriate power levels. In turn, determined coupling constants were tested by an iterative simulation program by calculating the 1 H NMR spectrum and comparing it to the experimental spectrum. The excitation-sculptured indirect-detection experiment (EXSIDE) and 1 H-15 N CIGARAD-HMBC (constant time inverse-detection gradient accordion rescaled heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) were applied for determination of long-range carbon-proton coupling constants n JCH (n = 2, 3, and 4) and for assignment of 15 N chemical shift at natural abundance, respectively. DFT/B3LYP optimization studies were performed in order to determine the geometry of 2c using 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), and 6-311 + G(d,p) basis sets. For calculation of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts, n JHH (n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), and n JCH (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) coupling constants, the GIAO method was employed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p), B3LYP/cc-pVTZ), and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) levels of theory. For the first time, a stereochemical dependence magnitude of the long-range n JHH (n = 4, 5, and 6) and n JCH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) have been found in bromo-substituted analogues of Tröger's bases.

[Importance of osteoporosis-related fractures for patients]. / Bedeutung osteoporosebedingter Frakturen für den Patienten.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a common disease that affects both women and men. Due to a reduced bone mineral density and increasing age, the risk for atraumatic fractures increases. These fractures cause pain due to the fracture itself and also have far-reaching sequelae in nearly all areas of life of patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to summarize the consequences of osteoporotic fractures from the patient's point of view and to highlight the consequences of osteoporosis for the patient. The necessity for timely diagnostics and treatment after a fracture event is explained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For each term a literature search was performed using key topic-related terms and the results are presented as a narrative review. RESULTS: Various areas of importance for patients were identified. A direct assessment of the patient's point of view was not feasible using a literature search; however, studies with surveys of patients could be identified and therefore, the patient's point of view could be integrated. Areas of interest that could be identified in the literature were pain, psychological well-being, cognitive abilities, mortality and long-term need for nursing. CONCLUSION: The effects of osteoporosis and fractures are multifactorial and often severe for the patient. The measures for prevention of osteoporotic fractures should be consistently implemented in the daily clinical routine and the necessary diagnostics and treatment should be rapidly initiated.

[Plastic arts workshop, in search of the therapeutic]. / L'atelier d'expression plastique, à la recherche du thérapeutique.

A plastic arts workshop makes no claims to provide therapeutic benefits. Patients are invited to attend without any clear objectives. This occupational activity soon becomes rooted in the care approach. Supported by the nurse, patients draw on their creativity and express a shared pleasure for artistic production. The story of Cyrille conveys a real journey, a vehicle for mental reconstruction, towards the path of possibilities.

[A pregnancy after perinatal bereavement]. / Une grossesse après un deuil périnatal.

A pregnancy following a perinatal bereavement has a rather particular dimension to it. It requires attentive support and monitoring in order to enable the future baby to take its place within the family. An interview with Marie-José Soubieux, child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

PSYCHE Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy.

Broadband homodecoupling techniques in NMR, also known as "pure shift" methods, aim to enhance spectral resolution by suppressing the effects of homonuclear coupling interactions to turn multiplet signals into singlets. Such techniques typically work by selecting a subset of "active" nuclear spins to observe, and selectively inverting the remaining, "passive", spins to reverse the effects of coupling. Pure Shift Yielded by Chirp Excitation (PSYCHE) is one such method; it is relatively recent, but has already been successfully implemented in a range of different NMR experiments. Paradoxically, PSYCHE is one of the trickiest of pure shift NMR techniques to understand but one of the easiest to use. Here we offer some insights into theoretical and practical aspects of the method, and into the effects and importance of the experimental parameters. Some recent improvements that enhance the spectral purity of PSYCHE spectra will be presented, and some experimental frameworks, including examples in 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, for the implementation of PSYCHE will be introduced.

Selective measurement of 1 H-1 H scalar couplings from crowded chemical shift regions: Combined pure shift and spin-echo modulation approach.

JHH scalar couplings carry rich structural information and their measurements are fundamental in the 1 H NMR based elucidation of small and medium molecules, which, however, are hampered in the presence of large J-coupling network. Further, enhanced spectral resolution is often essential for precise determination of a specific set of 1 H-1 H J-couplings among the complex J-multiplets. In the light of the recent advancements in homodecoupling pure shift strategies, here, we report absorption mode, band-selective refocused pure shift spin-echo method, which helps in determining 1 H-1 H J-couplings from crowded spectral regions. The importance of the present band-selective refocused pure shift spin-echo experiment is exemplified for 2 steroid molecules, estradiol and testosterone.

Broadband homonuclear decoupled HSQMBC methods.

Long-range heteronuclear coupling constants convey invaluable information for stereochemical and conformational analysis of molecules from synthetic and natural origin. Here, we report a real-time Zangger-Sterk CPMG-HSQMBC method for the precise and direct measurement of multiple-bond heteronuclear couplings. It is demonstrated that the real-time acquisition strategy combined with multiple slice selective excitation can provide substantial improvement in sensitivity (or reduction of experimental time) as compared to other variants of broadband homonuclear decoupled HSQMBC methods published previously. Scope and limitations of the different strategies applied for decoupling are reviewed. Moreover, practical guidelines for the choice of the most appropriate method are also presented. Applications are given on a metal complex incorporating P-heterocycles and two diglycosyl-selenides for the extraction of n J(1 H, 31 P) and n J(1 H, 77 Se), respectively.

Clean pure shift 2D J-resolved spectroscopy.

2D J-resolved spectroscopy is one of the oldest and conceptually most elegant ways to separate homonuclear scalar couplings from chemical shift information. In practice, the classical experiment suffers from a number of complications that limits accuracy and resolution, including phasetwist lineshapes, strong coupling artifacts, and the need for shearing the spectrum by 45° to obtain a (J,δ)-representation. Here, a novel pure shift 2DJ experiment based on the TSE-PSYCHE experiment is reported that deals with all these issues. Previous experiments proposed z-filtration to avoid excessive artifacts caused by chunked pure shift acquisition. It will be shown that these artifacts can also easily be avoided by means of the Pell-Keeler method. As opposed to its z-filtered counterparts, the new experiment provides pure shift 2DJ spectra that are free of artifacts from pulse imperfections and minimize responses related to strong coupling. In this way, multiplet analysis becomes possible at maximal resolution and a minimum of spectral complications.

Homonuclear decoupling in the 13 C indirect dimension of HSQC experiments for 13 C-enriched compounds.

The two most compelling methods for broadband homonuclear decoupling currently available, Zangger-Sterk (ZS) and pure shift yielded by chirp excitation (PSYCHE), were successfully adapted and tested on the 13 C isotope. When applied during the indirect carbon evolution in the HSQC experiment, they both entirely eliminated the extended carbon-carbon multiplet structures observed in this dimension of a non-decoupled HSQC spectrum of 13 C-enriched cholesterol. The optimized selective pulse modulated using novel non-equidistant scheme for multisite refocusing (ZS) and the small flip angle saltire chirps (PSYCHE) both proved to be robust and efficient in providing decoupled spectra with a sensitivity of about 25% that of the non-decoupled HSQC spectra with improved quality compared to earlier results.

Fast and simultaneous determination of 1 H-1 H and 1 H-19 F scalar couplings in complex spin systems: Application of PSYCHE homonuclear broadband decoupling.

The present manuscript focuses on fast and simultaneous determination of 1 H-1 H and 1 H-19 F scalar couplings in fluorinated complex steroid molecules. Incorporation of broadband PSYCHE homonuclear decoupling in the indirect dimension of zero-quantum filtered diagonal experiments (F1-PSYCHE-DIAG) suppresses 1 H-1 H scalar couplings; however, it retains 1 H-19 F scalar couplings (along F1 dimension) for the 19 F coupled protons while preserving the pure-shift nature for 1 H resonances uncoupled to 19 F. In such cases, along the direct dimensions, 1 H-1 H scalar coupling multiplets deconvolute and they appear as duplicated multiplets for the 19 F coupled protons, which facilitates unambiguous discrimination of 19 F coupled 1 H chemical sites from the others. Further, as an added advantage, data acquisition has been accelerated by invoking the known ideas of spectral aliasing in the F1-PSYCHE-DIAG scheme and experiments demand only ~10 min of spectrometer times.

Intestinal microbiome-gut-brain axis and irritable bowel syndrome.

Psychological comorbidity is highly present in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent research points to a role of intestinal microbiota in visceral hypersensitivity, anxiety, and depression. Increased disease reactivity to psychological stress has been described too. A few clinical studies have attempted to identify features of dysbiosis in IBS. While animal studies revealed strong associations between stress and gut microbiota, studies in humans are rare. This review covers the most important studies on intestinal microbial correlates of psychological and clinical features in IBS, including stress, anxiety, and depression.