RESUMO
MXene, renowned for its natural "quantum-confined-superfluidic" (QSF) channels, demonstrates superior electrical/thermal conductivity, favorable hydrophilicity, and remarkable mechanical strength, rendering it an ideal candidate for multiresponsive actuators, which are promising for soft electronics and robots. Currently, most MXene-based actuators are mainly prepared by combining an active layer and an inner layer, with only a few utilizing regulated QSF channels. However, tailoring QSF channels for multiresponsive actuators is extremely challenging. Herein, we introduce a multiresponsive graphene oxide (GO)&Fe3O4/MXene actuator that can respond to humidity, light, heat, electricity, and magnetic fields by constructing asymmetric QSF channels. The asymmetric water adsorption, transportation, and desorption behaviors, controlled by the different QSF channels between the GO&Fe3O4 layer and the MXene layer, enable the multiresponsiveness of the actuator. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, several smart devices, such as a bionic crab-like crawler, a transporting flower robot, and a smart gripper, are prepared, holding great potential for advancing future soft robotics.
RESUMO
The strong interaction between graphene oxides (GO) and water molecules has trigged enormous research interest in developing GO-based separation films, sensors, and actuators. However, sophisticated control over the ultrafast water transmission among the GO sheets and the consequent deformation of the entire GO film is still challenging. Inspired from the natural "quantum-tunneling-fluidics-effect," here quantum-confined-superfluidics-enabled moisture actuation of GO paper by introducing periodic gratings unilaterally is reported. The folded GO nanosheets that act as quantum-confined-superfluidics channels can significantly promote water adsorption, enabling controllable and sensitive moisture actuation. Water-adsorption-induced expansion along and against the normal direction of a GO paper is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Featuring state-of-the-art of ultrafast response (1.24 cm-1 s-1 ), large deformation degree, and complex and predictable deformation, the smart GO papers are used for biomimetic mini-robots including a creeping centipede and a smart leaf that can catch a living ladybug. The reported method is simple and universal for 2D materials, revealing great potential for developing graphene-based smart robots.