Predicting disease recurrence in patients with endometriosis: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Despite surgical and pharmacological interventions, endometriosis can recur. Reliable information regarding risk of recurrence following a first diagnosis is scant. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and survey data in the setting of disease recurrence to identify predictors of risk of endometriosis recurrence. METHODS: This observational study reviewed data from 794 patients having surgery for pelvic pain or endometriosis. Patients were stratified into two analytic groups based on self-reported or surgically confirmed recurrent endometriosis. Statistical analyses included univariate, followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors of recurrence, with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regularisation. Risk-calibrated Supersparse Linear Integer Models (RiskSLIM) and survival analyses (with Lasso) were undertaken to identify predictive features of recurrence. RESULTS: Several significant features were repeatedly identified in association with recurrence, including adhesions, high rASRM score, deep disease, bowel lesions, adenomyosis, emergency room attendance for pelvic pain, younger age at menarche, higher gravidity, high blood pressure and older age. In the surgically confirmed group, with a score of 5, the RiskSLIM method was able to predict the risk of recurrence (compared to a single diagnosis) at 95.3% and included adenomyosis and adhesions in the model. Survival analysis further highlighted bowel lesions, adhesions and adenomyosis. CONCLUSIONS: Following an initial diagnosis of endometriosis, clinical decision-making regarding disease management should take into consideration the presence of bowel lesions, adhesions and adenomyosis, which increase the risk of endometriosis recurrence.

Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implants in Men: a National Healthcare Data System-based Study to Assess Reinterventions in France.

PURPOSE: Significant concerns remain regarding the long-term outcomes of AMS 800™ artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implants in men. The objective was to assess the long-term AUS reintervention (replacement or removal) rates after a first-ever AUS implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based retrospective cohort study included all men aged ≥18 years in France who underwent a first-ever AUS implantation (identified using a unique device identifier) for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostate cancer (PCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment, between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018. The primary outcome was reintervention-free survival rates (replacements and removals), estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Secondary outcomes were replacement and removal. A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model was used to assess associations between patient and hospital factors and the hazard of reintervention. RESULTS: The study included 8,475 men with a median age of 69 years (IQR 65-74) and a median follow-up time of 6 years (IQR 3-9). Reintervention-free survival was 71% (95%CI, 70-72) at 2 years, 57% (95%CI, 55-58) at 5 years, and 40% (95%CI, 38-41) at 10 years. Reintervention-free survival was lower after BPH surgery, after radiotherapy combined with RP, and in centers performing fewer implantations. Removal-free survival was 83% (95% CI, 83%-84%) at 2 years, 75% (95% CI, 74%-76%) at 5 years, and 66% (95% CI, 65%-68%) at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Among men undergoing AUS implantation for SUI due to PCa or BPH treatment, the probability of reintervention was 29% within two years after implantation. The median time to reintervention was 6.6 years (IQR: 6.4-7.1), and the reintervention-free survival rate at 10 years was 40%. These insights can inform therapeutic decision-making for patients and surgeons during the management of male SUI.

Surgical Decision Making in Genetically High-Risk Women: Quantifying Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Risks of Supplemental Surgery After Risk-Reducing Mastectomy.

BACKGROUND: Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) helps prevent breast cancer in high-risk women but also carries a risk of unanticipated supplemental surgeries. We sought to determine the likelihood of supplemental surgeries following RRM. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of female patients with a confirmed germline pathogenic variant (GPV) in a breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1/2, PALB2 and others) who underwent bilateral or contralateral RRM at our institution between 2006 and 2022. Supplemental surgeries were defined as any operation requiring general or local anesthesia performed outside of the initially planned procedure(s). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 5-years cumulative incidence of supplemental surgery. RESULTS: Of 560 GPV carriers, RRMs were performed in 258 (46.1%) women. The median age of the cohort was 44 years (interquartile range 37-52 years), with 33 (12.8%) patients undergoing RRM without reconstruction and 225 (87.2%) undergoing RRM with reconstruction. Following surgery, 34 patients (13.2%) developed early (< 30 days) postoperative complications, including infection, hematoma, seroma, loss of the nipple areola complex, flap necrosis, implant exposure and/or prosthesis removal. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 94 (36.4%) GPV carriers underwent at least one reoperation. Participants who experienced an early postoperative complication had the highest rate of reoperation (85.3% vs. 29.0%; p < 0.001) and a significantly higher likelihood of multiple additional surgical interventions (41.2% vs. 10.7%; p < 0.001). The 5-years rate of supplemental surgery was 39.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.7-46.5] in the overall cohort and 31.5% (95% CI 24.9-39.3) in patients without an early postoperative complication. CONCLUSIONS: Unanticipated supplemental surgeries occur in 40% of GPV carriers following RRM and in nearly one-third of patients without early postoperative complications.

Contemporary Analysis of Reexcision and Conversion to Mastectomy Rates and Associated Healthcare Costs for Women Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of population-level reoperation rates and incremental healthcare costs associated with reoperation for patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using Merative™ MarketScan® commercial insurance data and Medicare 5% fee-for-service claims data. The study included females aged 18-64 years in the commercial cohort and females aged 18 years and older in the Medicare cohort, who underwent initial BCS for breast cancer in 2017-2019. Reoperation rates within a year of the initial BCS and overall 1-year healthcare costs stratified by reoperation status were measured. RESULTS: The commercial cohort included 17,129 women with a median age of 55 (interquartile range [IQR] 49-59) years, and the Medicare cohort included 6977 women with a median age of 73 (IQR 69-78) years. Overall reoperation rates were 21.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.5-21.8%) for the commercial cohort and 14.9% (95% CI 14.1-15.7%) for the Medicare cohort. In both cohorts, reoperation rates decreased as age increased, and conversion to mastectomy was more prevalent among younger women in the commercial cohort. The mean healthcare costs during 1 year of follow-up from the initial BCS were $95,165 for the commercial cohort and $36,313 for the Medicare cohort. Reoperations were associated with 24% higher costs in both the commercial and Medicare cohorts, which translated into $21,607 and $8559 incremental costs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of reoperation after BCS have remained high and have contributed to increased healthcare costs. Continuing efforts to reduce reoperation need more attention.

The natural history of isolated common femoral endarterectomy for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: Occlusive disease of the common femoral artery can generate profound lower extremity ischemia as the normal collateral pathways from the profunda to the superficial femoral artery cannot adequately develop. In patients with lifestyle-limiting claudication, isolated common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) is highly effective. Because CFE does not provide direct, in-line flow to the plantar arch, it has been felt to provide inadequate revascularization to patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to report and assess the natural history of selected patients with CLTI treated with isolated CFE (without concomitant infrainguinal revascularization). METHODS: Consecutive CFEs performed in a large, urban hospital for CLTI between 2014 and 2021 were reviewed. Patient characteristics, limb, and anatomical stages using the Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection (WIfI) and Global Limb Anatomic Staging System were tabulated. Limb-specific and survival-related end points were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients presenting with CLTI underwent isolated CFE (mean age, 74 ± 10 years; 62% male, 90% current or prior smoker). Comorbidities included diabetes (52%), coronary artery disease (55%), congestive heart failure (22%), and end-stage renal failure on hemodialysis (5%). Patients presented with either rest pain (36%) or tissue loss (64%); the latter group exhibited advanced limb threat (68% in WIfI stage 3 or 4). The majority of patients had associated severe infrainguinal disease (50% Global Limb Anatomic Staging Systems 3). After a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 10-29 months), vascular reintervention was required in 7 patients (12%). One patient (2%) required major limb amputation after presentation in WIfI stage 4 (W3I3fI0). Indeed, WIfI stage 4 was a significant univariate predictor of the need for subsequent infrainguinal bypass (P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: Isolated CFE as primary therapy in highly selected patients with CLTI was safe and effective. Index limb stage is predictive of the need for associated infrainguinal revascularization in this complex population.

The effect of subsequent pregnancy and childbirth on stress urinary incontinence recurrence following midurethral sling procedure: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence and reoperation after a midurethral sling procedure in women with subsequent childbirth and to assess the effect of delivery mode on this risk. DATA SOURCES: An electronic database search was performed using MEDLINE with the OvidSP interface and PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to September 20, 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This study included experimental and nonexperimental studies, composed of randomized controlled and observational (case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional) studies assessing the risk factors for stress urinary incontinence recurrence and reoperation after childbirth in women who had previously undergone a midurethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: Analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.3; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom). Quantitative synthesis was used if the included studies were sufficient in numbers and homogeneity. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using criteria recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. RESULTS: A total of 2001 studies were identified, of which 6 were eligible for analysis, composed of 381 patients who had at least 1 childbirth after a midurethral sling procedure (study group) and 860 patients who underwent a midurethral sling without having a subsequent childbirth (control group). All included studies were observational, the patients' mean age at the time of the midurethral sling procedure ranged from 34 to 36 years, and the mean time from midurethral sling procedure to delivery ranged from 21 to 31 months. No difference in stress urinary incontinence recurrence (relative risk, 0.1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.33) or reoperation (relative risk, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-2.17) was found between the study and control groups. The average follow-up time among the included studies of this comparison was 9.8 years (range, 2-18). Furthermore, the mode of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean) did not seem to affect the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence. CONCLUSION: Subsequent pregnancy and childbirth did not increase the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence or reoperation after a midurethral sling procedure.

Cumulative re-operation rates during follow-up after hypospadias repair.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cumulative rates of re-operations after hypospadias repair and evaluate long-term surgical outcomes at a tertiary paediatric urology centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 293 boys born between 1991 and 2003 undergoing hypospadias surgery was conducted. The study included 274 patients: 165 with distal, 34 with midshaft, and 75 with proximal hypospadias. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to evaluate the re-operation data. RESULTS: The median age at primary surgery was 1.3 years, with a median follow-up of 14.4 years. The overall re-operation rate was 48.2%, with approximately half of the problems detected within the first 3 months after surgery. The risk of re-operation was correlated with hypospadias severity, with 5- and 15-year re-operation risks at 39.3% and 51.8%, respectively. Limitations of the study include its retrospective nature and variations in surgical techniques from current standards. CONCLUSION: There is a significant risk of unplanned re-operations following hypospadias repair, increasing with the severity of the original condition. This underscores the need for extended follow-up and effective communication with patients and their families about the likelihood of requiring multiple surgeries for optimal outcomes.

Reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has markedly improved with the advent of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the therapeutic response in patients with bone metastasis remains low; therefore, surgery still plays a significant role in treatment of bone metastasis. It is important to maintain quality of life for patients with bone metastasis from RCC and avoid reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors for reoperation after surgery in patients with bone metastasis from RCC. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 103 bones of 97 patients who underwent surgery for bone metastasis of RCC from 2001 to 2023 at our institutions. RESULTS: Reoperation was performed in 10 (9.7%) of 103 bones. There was no correlation between reoperation-free survival and any of the following variables: preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy, site of bone metastasis, indication for surgery (solitary bone metastasis or impending or pathologic fractures), surgical method (intramedullary nailing fixation, curettage, or en bloc resection), preoperative embolization, or survival. CONCLUSION: The risk of reoperation for bone metastasis of RCC does not appear to be based on the surgical method.

Predictors of Late Adverse Events in Patients with Surgically Treated Type I Aortic Dissection.

OBJECTIVE: Residual aortic dissection (AD) following DeBakey type I AD repair is associated with a high rate of adverse events that need additional intervention or surgery. This study aimed to identify clinical and early post-operative computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging factors associated with adverse events in patients with type I AD after ascending aorta replacement. METHODS: This single centre, retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with type I AD who underwent ascending aorta replacement from January 2011 to December 2017 and post-operative CTA within three months. The primary outcome was AD related adverse events, defined as AD related death and re-operation due to aortic aneurysm or impending rupture. The location and size of the primary intimal tears, aortic diameter, and false lumen status were evaluated. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with AD related adverse events. A decision tree model was used to classify patients as high or low risk. RESULTS: Of 103 participants (55.43 ± 13.94 years; 49.5% male), 24 (23.3%) experienced AD related adverse events. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, connective tissue disease (hazard ratio [HR] 15.33; p < .001), maximum aortic diameter ≥ 40 mm (HR 4.90; p < .001), and multiple (three or more) intimal tears (HR 7.12; p < .001) were associated with AD related adverse events. The three year cumulative survival free from AD related events was lower in the high risk group with aortic diameter ≥ 40 mm and multiple intimal tears (41.7% vs. 90.9%; p < .001). CONCLUSION: Early post-operative CTA findings indicating a maximum aortic diameter ≥ 40 mm and multiple intimal tears may predict a higher risk of adverse events. These findings suggest the need for careful monitoring and more vigilant management approaches in these cases.

Perioperative outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis - an analysis of 823 patients.

AIM: Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) following total abdominal colectomy (TAC) allows for resortation of bowel continuity but prior studies have reported rates of anastomotic leak (AL) to be as high as 23%. We aimed to report rates of AL and complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing IRA. We hypothesized that AL rates were lower than previously reported and that selective use of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is associated with decreased AL rates. METHOD: Patients undergoing TAC or end-ileostomy reversal with IRA, with or without DLI, between 1980 and 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and retrospectively analysed. Redo IRA cases were excluded. Short-term (30-day) surgical outcomes were collected using our database. AL was defined using a combination of imaging and, in the case of return to the operating room, intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Of 823 patients in the study cohort, DLI was performed in 27% and performed more frequently for constipation and inflammatory bowel disease. The overall AL rate was 3% (1% and 4% in those with and without DLI, respectively) and diversion was found to be protective against leak (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.94, p = 0.04). However, patients undergoing diversion had a higher overall rate of postoperative complications (51% vs. 36%, p < 0.001) including superficial wound infection, urinary tract infection, dehydration, blood transfusion and portomesenteric venous thrombosis (all p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our study represents the largest series of patients undergoing IRA reported to date and demonstrates an AL rate of 3%. While IRA appears to be a viable surgical option for diverse indications, our study underscores the importance of careful patient selection and thoughtful consideration of staging the anastomosis and temporary faecal diversion when necessary.

Predictors of reoperation after lung volume reduction surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has proven an effective treatment for emphysema, by decreasing hyperinflation and improving lung function, activity level and reducing dyspnoea. However, postoperative air leak is an important complication, often leading to reoperation. Our aim was to analyse reoperations after LVRS and identify potential predictors. METHODS: Consecutive single-centre unilateral VATS LVRS performed from 2017 to 2022 were included. Typically, 3-5 minor resections were made using vascular magazines without buttressing. Data were obtained from an institutional database and analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reoperation. Number and location of injuries were registered. RESULTS: In total, 191 patients were included, 25 were reoperated (13%). In 21 patients, the indication for reoperation was substantial air leak, 3 patients bleeding and 1 patient empyema. Length of stay (LOS) was 21 (11-33) vs. 5 days (3-11), respectively. Only 3 injuries were in the stapler line, 13 within < 2cm and 15 injuries were in another site. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that decreasing DLCO increased risk of reoperation, OR 1.1 (1.03, 1.18, P = 0.005). Resections in only one lobe, compared to resections in multiple lobes, were also a risk factor OR 3.10 (1.17, 9.32, P = 0.03). Patients undergoing reoperation had significantly increased 30-day mortality, OR 5.52 (1.03, 26.69, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our incidence of reoperation after LVRS was 13% leading to prolonged LOS and increased 30-day mortality. Low DLCO and resections in a single lobe were significant predictors of reoperation. The air leak was usually not localized in the stapler line.

Implementing protocol-based relaparoscopy for severe complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopy has demonstrated growing applications for either primary colorectal resections or reoperations, no standardized criteria for implementing laparoscopy in revisional surgery have been reported. This study analyzes a single-center series of major complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery, undergoing laparoscopic (LR), or open reoperations in compliance with a hemodynamics-based institutional management. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzes a series of consecutive patients who primarily underwent either laparoscopic left colectomy or low anterior resection in a tertiary referral center between 2016 and 2021. Major complications requiring reoperation (MCR) were managed through an interdisciplinary protocol and submitted to reoperation according to patient hemodynamics and intra-abdominal contamination. A cohort analysis primarily assessed treatment failure rates (i.e., 90-day mortality and need for further surgery), while postoperative morbidity was secondarily examined. RESULTS: Out of 1137 laparoscopic colorectal resections, 497 patients met eligibility criteria, while 45 (9.1%) developed MCRs were managed according to the standardized interdisciplinary protocol. Revisional surgery was performed through either LR (66.7%) or (33.3%). Treatment failure was 13.3% overall, including additional surgery (11.1%) and 90-day mortality (6.6%) after reoperation. In both overall and anastomotic leak-specific MCRs, relaparoscopy resulted in minimized length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and intensity of care. CONCLUSIONS: Relaparoscopy for MCR preserves clinical benefits related to minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Further studies should investigate applicative determinants and impediments related to the center volume.

Repeat endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for residual or recurrent Cushing's disease: safety, feasibility, and success.

PURPOSE: The success and outcomes of repeat endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for residual or recurrent Cushing's disease (CD) are underreported in the literature. This study aims to address this gap by assessing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of repeat ETS in these patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 patients who underwent a total of 65 repeat ETS performed by a single neurosurgeon between January 2006 and December 2020. Data including demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and operative details were collected from electronic medical records. Logistic regression was utilized to identify potential predictors associated with sustained remission. RESULTS: Among the cases, 40 (61.5%) had previously undergone microscopic surgery, while 25 (38.5%) had prior endoscopic procedures. Remission was achieved in 47 (83.9%) patients after the first repeat ETS, with an additional 9 (16.1%) achieving remission after the second repeat procedure. During an average follow-up period of 97.25 months, the recurrence rate post repeat surgery was 6.38%. Sustained remission was achieved in 48 patients (85.7%), with 44 after the first repeat ETS and 4 following the second repeat ETS. Complications included transient diabetes insipidus (DI) in 5 (7.6%) patients, permanent (DI) in 2 (3%) patients, and one case (1.5%) of panhypopituitarism. Three patients (4.6%) experienced rhinorrhea necessitating reoperation. A serum cortisol level > 5 µg/dL on postoperative day 1 was associated with a reduced likelihood of sustained remission. CONCLUSION: Repeat ETS is a safe and effective treatment option for residual or recurrent CD with satisfactory remission rates and low rates of complications.

Pros and cons of partial reversal with gastro-gastrostomy in patients with refractory hypoalbuminemia following one-anastomosis gastric bypass.

PURPOSE: Hypoalbuminemia following One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) surgery remains a major concern among bariatric surgeons. This study aims to assess the outcome of partial reversal to normal anatomy with gastro-gastrostomy alone in patients with refractory hypoalbuminemia following OAGB surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent partial reversal surgery with gastro-gastrostomy alone due to refractory hypoalbuminemia post-OAGB surgery, using data from the Iran National Obesity Surgery Database, from 2013 to 2022. RESULTS: Of 4640 individuals undergoing OAGB, 11 underwent gastro-gastrostomy due to refractory hypoalbuminemia. The median time from OAGB to partial reversal was 16.6 months and the BPL length ranged from 155 to 200 cm. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 7 years. The mean BMI was 27.3 (7.5) kg/m² before partial reversal. The mean BMI post-reversal was 30.9 (4.2) kg/m² after 1 year and 33.3 (3.8) kg/m² after 2 years. Serum albumin levels significantly increased from 3.0 (0.4) g/dL to 4.0 (0.5) g/dL following gastro-gastrostomy (p-value < 0.001). Serum liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP) significantly decreased post-gastro-gastrostomy (p-value < 0.05). Nine individuals (81.8%) achieved resolution of hypoalbuminemia after gastro-gastrostomy with maintenance of ≥ 20% TWL and ≥ 50% EWL. No cases of anastomotic stricture, leak, bleeding, or major complications were reported after gastro-gastrostomy. CONCLUSION: Gastro-gastrostomy appears to be a safe and efficacious technique for addressing refractory hypoalbuminemia following OAGB. The procedure preserves the weight loss achieved following OAGB without significant complications. However, further studies are required to validate these findings.

Comprehensive analysis of strabismus reoperations: clinical insights and progression factors.

BACKGROUND: To compare and analyze clinical characteristics of patients undergoing two surgeries and multiple surgeries and explore relevant factors to lay the foundation for clinical prediction. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from all patients who underwent twice and multiple strabismus surgeries at Tianjin Eye Hospital between October 2012 and September 2021. Patients were divided into Group A (two surgeries) and Group B (more than two surgeries) based on the cumulative number of surgeries performed. Clinical details at the first recurrence, including sex, age, native place, overall medical history, onset time, visual acuity, affected muscle(s), etc., were documented. Non-parametric tests and chi-square tests were used to analyze clinical characteristics in each group. Binary and ordered logistic regression analysis assessed parameters associated with multiple reoperations. A linear mixed-term model observed factors impacting affected muscle(s) during surgery. Researchers examined clinical traits related to secondary strabismus variables. RESULTS: Among the 910 included patients, 840 required two surgeries (Group A) and 70 underwent more than two surgeries (Group B). Significant differences were found in age, onset time, interval time, and secondary factors. Regression analysis highlighted the significant impact of interval time on the reoperation rate, effectively predicting outcomes in patients with concomitant strabismus. Other ophthalmoplegia and secondary factors significantly influenced reoperation rates in patients with non-concomitant strabismus. Interval time, esotropia, and exotropia were linked to concomitant secondary strabismus patients, while the number of surgeries, DVD, esotropia, exotropia, and esotropia V-pattern were associated with non-concomitant secondary strabismus patients. In a longitudinal study, patients with multiple surgeries showed a correlation between the vertical deviation angle magnitude and the number of involved extraocular muscles. Regression analysis revealed that in patients with concomitant strabismus, interval time, exotropia, and esotropia influenced the total number of muscles during surgery. For patients with non-concomitant strabismus, interval time, secondary factors, and SOP impacted the total number of muscles during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Interval time in patients with concomitant strabismus, as well as secondary and other ophthalmoplegia in non-concomitant strabismus, are the main factors for multiple reoperations.

The causal relationship between psoriasis and artificial joint re-operation after arthroplasty: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is observationally associated with a higher risk of complications of arthroplasty; however, the causal effects of psoriasis on complications of arthroplasty are yet to be established. This study was to explore the causal effect of psoriasis on artificial joint re-operation after arthroplasty through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: In the MR analysis, psoriasis was selected as the exposure in this study while single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) were selected as the instrumental variables (IVs). Summary statistics data on artificial joint re-operation was extracted from publicly available GWAS data, including 218 792 European descent individuals. MR analysis was performed using the standard inverse variance weighted method (IVW). Furthermore, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and the MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier) test were also done to verify the results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was executed. RESULTS: The IVW showed that psoriasis increases the risk of artificial joint re-operation (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = (1.01, 1.25); p = 0.036). This outcome was also verified by other methods including weighted median (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.31); p = 0.015), MR Egger (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.44); p = 0.038), and weighted mode (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.30); p = 0.025). No heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were observed upon sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that psoriasis has a potential causal effect on artificial joint re-operation after arthroplasty. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of causal associations between psoriasis on re-operation.

Late Pulmonary Autograft Dilation: Can We Make a Good Operation Great? The Tailored Approach.

While it is the main viable option in the growing child and young adult, the Ross procedure has expanded its applicability to older patients, for whom long-term results are equivalent, if not superior, to prosthetic aortic valve replacement. Strategies aiming at mitigating long-term autograft failure from root enlargement and valve regurgitation have led some to advocate for root reinforcement with prosthetic graft material. On the contrary, we will discuss herein the rationale for a tailored approach to the Ross procedure; this strategy is aimed at maintaining the natural physiology and interplay between the various autograft components. Several technical maneuvers, including careful matching of aortic and autograft annuli and sino-tubular junction as well as external support by autologous aortic tissue maintain these physiologic relationships and the viability of the autograft, and could translate in a lower need for late reintervention because of dilation and/or valve regurgitation.

Comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: Pediatric hydrocephalus is the most common cause of surgically treatable neurological disease in children. Controversies exist whether endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is the most appropriate treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus. This study aimed to compare the risk of re-operation and death between the two procedures. METHODS: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study and included patients younger than 20-years-old who underwent CSF shunt or ETV for hydrocephalus from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. RESULTS: A total of 3,555 pediatric patients from 2004 to 2017 were selected, including 2,340 (65.8%) patients that received CSF shunt placement and 1215 (34.2%) patients that underwent ETV. The incidence of all-cause death was 3.31 per 100 person-year for CSF shunt group and 2.52 per 100 person-year for ETV group, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.94, p = 0.009). The cumulative incidence competing risk for reoperation was 31.2% for the CSF shunt group and 26.4% for the ETV group, with an adjusted subdistribution HR of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70-0.96, p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis showed that ETV was beneficial for hydrocephalus coexisting with brain or spinal tumor, central nervous system infection, and intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates ETV is a better operative procedure for pediatric hydrocephalus when advanced surgical techniques and instruments are available.

Optimized microvascular decompression surgery for improving the results of hemifacial spasm: an analysis of reoperations.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery is an effective curative treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS). This study aims to establish techniques that may lead to favorable outcomes by analyzing reoperations in patients with persistent or recurrent HFS.Patients who exhibited persistent or recurrent HFS symptoms after prior MVD surgery were identified as candidates for reoperation. Information regarding the reoperations was collected by tracing the entire surgical procedures and peri-operative management. Clinical manifestations and follow-up data were obtained from the hospital records and subsequent visits.Twenty-six patients underwent repeat MVD surgery. Among them, multi-culprit neurovascular compression (NVC) was identified as the primary cause of failure to response to the previous operation in 73.08% of cases. Pure tissue adhesion accounted for 38.46% of cases, while shredded Teflon pledget (STP) shifting was observed in 7.69% of cases. Postoperative outcomes were assessed through revisits and categorized into four groups: excellent (76.92%), good (15.38%), fair (7.69%), and poor (0%). The longest follow-up period exceeded 65 moths.The trans-lateral suboccipital infra-floccular approach provides a better visual field. Examination of entire length of the facial nerve is essential. STP with gelatin sponge implantation is a suitable material for facilitating nerve and vascular positioning and reducing adhesion.

Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic approaches on survival in patients with epithelioid glioblastoma: Institutional experience in the management of 58 patients.

Epithelioid glioblastoma (Ep-GBM) is a rare variant of glioblastoma characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Currently, there is no established standard treatment for Ep-GBM. Therefore, we identified 58 Ep-GBM cases to investigate these characteristics and identify the possible prognostic factors of survival. There were 30 male and 28 female patients with a median age of 39 years. Headaches and dizziness were the most common clinical symptom. The tumor is most frequently located in the temporal lobe (36.2%). The positivity rate for BRAF-V600E is 56.9% (33/58), for MGMT is 56.9% (33/58), and for INI-1 is 75% (30/40). Tumor recurrence was observed in 39 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was 12.7 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 29.1 months. Additionally, the median survival time after recurrence was 14.3 months. Both univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses revealed that individuals who received more than six cycles of adjuvant oral temozolomide experienced a longer median PFS compared to those who received fewer cycles. Characteristics associated with poorer PFS included tumor dissemination prior to initial surgery. Additionally, both analyses identified tumor dissemination, radiotherapy and adjuvant oral temozolomide as predictors of OS. Notably, for patients with recurrent Ep-GBM, reoperation was shown to significantly increase survival time after recurrence. In conclusion, the standard Stupp regimen is also applicable to patients with Ep-GBM, extending adjuvant oral temozolomide could further improve survival for Ep-GBM patients, reoperation may also prolong survival for recurrent Ep-GBM.