Periodontal diseases assessed by average bone resorption are associated with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Periodontal disease often develops in patients with diabetes, and further exacerbated with diabetic complications. It would be clinically important to clarify the relationship between diabetic microvascular diseases and periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. A total of 447 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized at Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Japan, were initially recruited in this study. After excluding 134 patients who lacked clinical data or were edentulous, 312 were included in our study. The severity of periodontal disease was evaluated based on the average bone resorption rate. Patients with diabetic nephropathy developed severe periodontal disease (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 3.00 [95% CI 1.41-5.19]). Diabetic neuropathy was positively associated with the severity of periodontal disease; the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 1.62 (0.87‒2.99) for moderate and 4.26 (2.21‒8.20) for severe periodontal disease. In contrast, diabetic retinopathy was linked with moderate periodontal disease (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio 2.23 [95% CI 1.10-4.10]), but not with severe conditions (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio 0.92 [95% CI 0.67-3.07]). In conclusion, periodontal disease, evaluated by average bone resorption rate, was associated with diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-022-00591-0.

Properties of three collagen scaffolds in comparison with native connective tissue: an in-vitro study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate collagen scaffolds (CS) in terms of their in vitro resorption behavior, surface structure, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties in physiologically simulated environments, compared with porcine native connective tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three test materials-one porcine collagen matrix (p-CM), two acellular dermal matrices (porcine = p-ADM, allogenic = a-ADM)-and porcine native connective tissue (p-CTG) as a control material were examined for resorption in four solutions using a high-precision scale. The solutions were artificial saliva (AS) and simulated body fluid (SBF), both with and without collagenase (0.5 U/ml at 37 °C). In addition, the surface structures of CS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after exposure to AS or SBF. The swelling behavior of CS was evaluated by measuring volume change and liquid absorption capacity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Finally, the mechanical properties of CS and p-CTG were investigated using cyclic compression testing in PBS. RESULTS: Solutions containing collagenase demonstrated high resorption rates with significant differences (p < 0.04) between the tested materials after 4 h, 8 h and 24 h, ranging from 54.1 to 100% after 24 h. SEM images revealed cross-linked collagen structures in all untreated specimens. Unlike a-ADM, the scaffolds of p-CM and p-ADM displayed a flake-like structure. The swelling ratio and fluid absorption capacity per area ranged from 13.4 to 25.5% among the test materials and showed following pattern: p-CM > a-ADM > p-ADM. P-CM exhibited higher elastic properties than p-ADM, whereas a-ADM, like p-CTG, were barely compressible and lost structural integrity under increasing pressure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Collagen scaffolds vary significantly in their physical properties, such as resorption and swelling behavior and elastic properties, depending on their microstructure and composition. When clinically applied, these differences should be taken into consideration to achieve the desired outcomes.

New Evaluation of Postovulatory Follicle Degeneration at High-Temperature Regimes Refines Criteria for the Identification of Spawning Cohorts in the European Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus).

Accurate stock assessment estimates of fish resources are essential in fishery management. Wide fluctuations in abundance arising from variations in reproductive success are characteristic of many marine fish populations, including multiple spawner species. The proportion of females spawning per day is crucial in the application of egg production methods for spawning biomass evaluation and, usually, is assessed by postovulatory follicle (POF) method. Describing each degeneration stage of POF based upon its histological features allows for obtaining an aging key for postovulatory follicles. The commercially valuable European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) was selected as a case study, which breeds during the summer in temperate waters (24 °C-25 °C). A collection of ovary slides, sampled in the central Mediterranean Sea during the spawning peak, provided a 24 h cycle coverage. These observations allowed us to evaluate the duration of each POF stage at water temperature experienced by anchovy in the study area. Present results demonstrated the POF degeneration progress at a faster rate than reported by previous investigations, carried out in cooler oceanic waters. Furthermore, the present study displayed the presence of two anchovy spawning cohorts sampled along a 24-h cycle. Therefore, this study not only provides useful insight for more accurate POF degeneration evaluation in temperate waters, but also suggests that current estimates should be complemented with validation studies according to different temperature regimes.

Effect of adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg induced by trichostatin A on the prevention of spontaneous abortion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether epigenetic modification of CD4+CD25- T-cells in vitro can make up for the inadequacy of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in animal model of spontaneous abortion and prevent immune response-mediated spontaneous abortion. METHODS: Trichostatin A (TSA) was applied to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) and thereby to epigenetically modify the special location of Foxp3 gene in CD4+CD25- T-cells of CBA/J mice. The expressions of CD25, Foxp3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 of CD4+ T cells isolated from spleen of mice were characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Concentrations of transforming growth factor- ß (TGF-ß) and IL-10 in the supernatants of cultured Treg were measured using ELISA. The purified CD4+ T cells treated with different reagents were injected into pregnant CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2J males on Day 1 and 4 of pregnancy, respectively. The embryo resorption rate was assessed on Day 14 of pregnancy. RESULTS: TSA treatment significantly increased the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ iTreg. Those TSA induced Treg expressed high levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4, and secreted high levels of TGF-ß and IL-10. Adoptive transfer of those iTreg at both early stage and implantation of stage of pregnancy significantly increased population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in spleens of recipient miscarriage prone mice and significantly reduced resorption in those mice. CONCLUSION: Epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 can generate functional regulatory T-cells. Adoptive transfer of TSA- induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg at an early stage of pregnancy can induce maternal-fetal immune tolerance and reduce embryo resorption in miscarriage prone mice.

Relationship Between Clinical Outcomes and Spontaneous Canal Remodeling in Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between clinical factors and spontaneous canal remodeling. METHODS: We evaluated computed tomography scans, before surgery, within a week after surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery. Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent posterior fixation and fusion after thoracolumbar burst fractures were included in. Factors potentially affecting the postoperative degree of reduction and spontaneous spinal remodeling were defined as age, location, degree of change of anterior vertebral compression ratio, fracture type of the retropulse bone, presence of injury to the posterior longitudinal ligament, and posterolateral complex fracture. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on these factors to analyze the extent of their influence on the reduction and resorption rates. RESULTS: The recovery rate of the anterior compression (P = 0.003) was significantly related to the reduction rate after surgery; in addition, the recovery rate of the anterior compression (P = 0.022) and the comminuted type of fracture (P = 0.019) were significantly associated with the resorption rate after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: During posterior fixation, the degree of the reduction of the vertebral body by distraction can affect the degree of postoperative reduction and spontaneous bone remodeling. Therefore, close attention must be given to the indirect reduction technique through distraction during the operation. Because comminuted fracture fragments affect spontaneous canal remodeling, the degree of postoperative resorption can be estimated by preoperative computed tomography imaging.

Effect of resorption rate and osteoconductivity of biodegradable calcium phosphate materials on the acquisition of natural bone strength in the repaired bone.

The purpose of this study was to compare the biodegradation rate and quality of regenerated bone among four materials. A short time period of 8 weeks was chosen to examine early bone healing. The rod-shaped implants of commercially available two ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) ceramics with porosity 60% and 71-80%, respectively, laboratory prepared octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composite (OCP/Gel), which has been proven to have a highly osteoconductive and biodegradable property in rat calvarial defect, and gelatin sponge (Gelatin) were implanted in rabbit tibia defect of 6 mm diameter and 7 mm depth for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Analyses by µCT, histomorphometry and push-in test were carried out to evaluate the extent of the tissue regeneration and the material biodegradation in the long bone. OCP/Gel and Gelatin were completely resorbed but only OCP/Gel induced cortical bone bridge until 8 weeks that has strength compatible to that of the natural bone. ß-TCP (71%-80%) and ß-TCP (60%) were not completely resorbed and never induced the amount of new bone formation beyond that by OCP/Gel. The results indicate that the new bone having enough strength could be regenerated if the material shows not only higher biodegradation rate but also higher osteoconductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2833-2842, 2016.

Osteogenesis effect of guided bone regeneration combined with alveolar cleft grafting: assessment by cone beam computed tomography.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for a significantly lower radiation dose than conventional computed tomography (CT) scans and provides accurate images of the alveolar cleft area. The osteogenic effect of guided bone regeneration (GBR) vs. conventional alveolar bone grafting alone for alveolar cleft defects was evaluated in this study. Sixty alveolar cleft patients were divided randomly into two groups. One group underwent GBR using acellular dermal matrix film combined with alveolar bone grafting using iliac crest bone grafts (GBR group), while the other group underwent alveolar bone grafting only (non-GBR group). CBCT images were obtained at 1 week and at 3 months following the procedure. Using Simplant 11.04 software, the bone resorption rate was calculated and compared between the two groups. The bone resorption rate from 1 week to 3 months following bone grafting without the GBR technique was 36.50±5.04%, whereas the bone resorption rate using the GBR technique was 31.69±5.50% (P=0.017). The application of autogenous iliac bone combined with the GBR technique for alveolar bone grafting of alveolar cleft patients can reduce bone resorption and result in better osteogenesis.

Evaluation of Bone Resorption Rate after Nonvascularized Iliac Bone Graft for Mandibular Discontinuity Defect

An experimental study and case analysis of acellular dermal matrix implantation for restoration of soft tissue defects

Histological and clinical study of artificial dermis implantation for restoration of soft tissue defects

The present study was aimed to compare the resorption rate and the histological change of the autogenous dermis and the artificial dermis (Terudermis(R).) after the transplantation, and to report the clinical results of the use of Terudermis(R). in order to restore the soft tissue defect. Twenty mature rabbits, weighing about 2 kg, were used for the experimental study. The autogenous dermis and the Terudermis(R). size 1 x 1 cm were transplanted to the space between the external abdominal oblique muscle and the external abdominal oblique fascia of the each rabbits. They were divided into 4 groups (n=5 each) and gathered at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the transplantation. The resorption rate was calculated, and H-E stain was preformed to observe the histological changes. The chart review of the 17 patients who received Terudermis(R). graft to the facial soft tissue defects was conducted for the clinical study. The resorption rate at 8 weeks after the transplantation was 21.5% for the autogenous dermis, and 36.4% Terudermis(R). In microscopic examinations, the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the epidermal inclusion cyst were observed in the autogenous dermis graft. The neovascularization and the progressive growth of the new fibroblast were shown in the Terudermis(R). graft. In clinical data of 17 patients, the size of the grafted Terudermis(R). was from 1.5 cm2 to 7.5 cm2 (average 3.5 cm2). Follow-up ranged from 5 to 25 months. Fourteen patients with cleft palate demonstrated stability of the graft and unremarkable complications. But unstability of the graft and the partial relapse were observed in three patients received the vestibuloplasty. These results indicate that Terudermis(R). can be available substitute of autogenous dermis because of the stability about resorption, the histocompatibility, and the unremarkable clinical complications.

Longitudinal Evaluation of Secondary Iliac Bone Grafting in the Alveolar Cleft

Secondary bone grafting in the alveolar cleft has proven effective in stabilizing the maxillary segments, providing continuity of the maxillary arch and facilitating the canine eruption into the proper position. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally evaluate the treatment results of secondary iliac bone grafting in 40 alveolar cleft patients with an observation period of more than 12 months. Interdental alveolar cleft height was measured in conventional dental radiographs taken no more than 1 month preoperatively, following the completion of all orthodontic expansion, using ratio of the adjacent tooth root and the narrowest point of cleft height. And then we measured the bone resorption rates in 1, 3, 6, and 12 postoperative months, respectively. There was significant positive correlation between presurgical alveolar cleft height and postoperative bone resorption rate. But there was not significant correlation between presurgical alveolar height and the age at operation. The overall success rate for achieving bony bridge across the cleft was 95%. The maximal bone resorption occured in 1 month after operation. In case that the secondary iliac bone graft was performed at the patient's pre-eruption stage of canine, 89% of the patient's canine erupted in 12 months after operation.

Resorbability and histological reaction of bioabsorbable membranes / 대한치주과학회지

The major goals of periodontal therapy are the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. With the development of non-resorbable membrane, GTR has proved to be the representive technique of periodontal regeneration. However, due to various clinical problems of non-resorbable membrane, resorbable membrane was developed and it showed to be clinically effective. The newly developed Para-Dioxanone membrane has a characteristic of non-woven fabric structures which is different from the generally used membranes with structure of mesh form. In addition, Chitosan membrane has been developed to apply its adventage maximally in GTR. Although a number of different types of membranes had been clinically used, researches on absorption rate of membranes were inadequate and limited to subjective opinions. However, since long term period of resorption and space maintenance are required in implant or ridge augmentation, accurate verification of resorption rate is clinically important. In this study, we had implanted Resolut(R), Biomesh(R), Para-Dioxanone membrane and Chitosan membrane (Size : 4mmx4mm) on dorsal side of Sprague Dawley rat, and sacrificed them after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks respectively. Histologic observation was carried out, and the following results were obtained by calculating the objective resorption rate. 1. In case of Resolut(R), external resorption took place initially, followed by internal resorption. Surface area are 5.76+/-2.37mm2, 4.91+/-1.06mm2, 4.90+/-0.98mm2 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks respectively, and invasion rate of connective tissue to membrane are 31.6+/-4.5%, 52.8+/-9.4%, 56.4+/-5.1% respectively. 2. Biomesh(R) showed a pattern of folding, relatively slow resorption rate with small size of membrane. Surface area are 3.62+/-0.82mm2, 3.63+/-0.76mm2, 4.07+/-1.14mm2 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks respectively, and invasion rate of connective tissue to membrane are 26.1+/-5.8%, 30.9+/-3.4%, 29.2+/-3.6%, respectively. 3. Para-Dioxanone membrane was surrounded by fibrous conncetive tissue externally, and resorption took place internally and externally. Surface area are 5.96+/-1.05mm2, 4.77+/-0.76mm2, 3.86+/-0.84mm2 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks respectively, and invasion rate of connective tissue to membrane are 30.7+/-5.1%, 53.3+/-4.4%, 69.5+/-3.1%, respectively. 4. Each fiber of Chitosan membrane was surrounded by connective tissue and showed external resoption pattern. It showed little invasion of inflammatory cells and excellent biocompatability. The resorption rate was relatively slow. Surface area are 6.01+/-2.01mm2, 5.49+/-1.3mm2, 5.06+/-1.38mm2 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks respectively, and invasion rate of connective tissue to membrane are 31.3+/-3.6%, 38.4+/-3.8%, 39.7+/-5.6%, respectively. Consequently, Para-Dioxanone membrane and Chitosan membrane are found to be clinically effective for their excellent tissue reaction and biocompatibility. Futhermore, the advantage of bone regenerating ability as well as the relatively long resorption period of Chitosan membrane, it might be widely used in implant or ridge augmentation.