RESUMO
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represents one of the most frequent manifestations of atherosclerosis in men and women. In both sexes, PAD is related to classical risk factors of atherosclerosis, which are similarly distributed, but some additional factors determine differences between men and women. More frequent asymptomatic disease in women than in men and less frequent screening in women may result in a false underestimation of the prevalence of PAD in women. All these factors may cause delayed diagnosis and treatment of PAD in women. Estrogen hormones have vasoprotective properties that lower the prevalence of atherosclerosis in women of younger age. However, estrogen probably does not have a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease in women of an older age. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of less than one year does not appear to reduce the odds of developing PAD in postmenopausal women. It may even increase the risk of morbidity from vascular interventions. However, some studies indicated that HRT for more than one year significantly decreases the risk of PAD if administered early after the last menstruation. Also, treatment of PAD in women differs to some extent from men.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of fluvastatin sodium on the risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with previous coronary heart disease.Methods 58 cases meeting the inclusion criteria and diagnosed coronary heart disease history of chlamydial infection were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group, 29 cases in each group, the control group were given routine treatment, study group on the basis of conventional treatment of fluvastatin sodium(20 mg pertime, once daily) treatment.A total of 4 weeks treatment for a course, the blood lipid and vascular endothelial function, matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory factor levels were determined before and after treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group, the total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and lipid comprehensive index(LCI) in study group after treatment were lower, the high density lipid-cholesterol(HDL-C) was higher, the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sI-CAM-1) and endothelin-1(ET-1) were lower, the NO was higher, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) were lower, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein( Hs-CRP ) and IL-6 were lower ( all P <0.05 ).All patients were followed up, only slight gastrointestinal adverse reaction, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion The fluvastatin sodium can reduce the blood lipid, the level of matrix metalloproteinases, improve vascular endothelial function and inflammatory state, with high safety.
RESUMO
La Hipertensión Arterial constituye la enfermedad crónica no transmisible de mayor prevalencia mundial. Su influencia en el desarrollo de las complicaciones consecuentes de la ateroesclerosis la sitúan entre las primeras causas de muerte en el mundo y nuestro país. Se realizó un estudio transversal en familias de doce consultorios médicos de la Ciudad de La Habana, con los objetivos de describir el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo y enfermedades consecuentes de la aterosclerosis y determinar la relación entre la hipertensión y los factores de riesgo, y las enfermedades consecuentes de la aterosclerosis. Se encontró predominio de pacientes hipertensos en fumadores pasivos, obesos y/o sobrepeso, sedentarios, y circunferencia de la cintura aumentada. La enfermedad más frecuente fue la cardiovascular. La circunferencia de la cintura alterada, la Diabetes Mellitus, la enfermedad del corazón, el AVE y la EAP presentaron un alto riesgo asociado.
Hypertension constitutes the non transmissible disease of more prevalence in the world. Its influence in the development of the consequent complications of the atherosclerosis locates it among the first causes of death in the world and our country. We carried out a descriptive study in families of twelve medical clinics of the City of Havana, with the objectives to describe the behavior of the risk factors and consequent illnesses of the atherosclerosis and to determine the relationship between hypertension and risk factors and the consequent illnesses of the atherosclerosis. The principal results were: prevalence of patient hypertension in passive, obese smokers and/or overweight, sedentary, and increased waist circumference. The most frequent illnesses were cardiovascular ones. The altered waist circumference, Diabetes Mellitus, hart diseases, CVD and EAP presented a high associated risk.