Oxidative stress in cases of chronic fluoride intoxication.

This study was conducted to find out the level of oxidative stress and effect of supplementation of vitamin C, D and Calcium on levels of SOD, serum and urinary fluoride in children residing in endemic fluorosis area. For this the fluoride belt of Jaipur district was selected. The parameters selected were Super oxide dismutase, serum fluoride and urinary fluoride. The study was conducted on one hundred children, selected from four areas (25 from each area) consuming water containing 1.2, 2.4, 5.6 and 13.6 mg/l of fluoride. Drinking water fluoride, serum and urinary fluoride were measured by Ion selective electrode method. Serum SOD by Xanthine oxidase method using kit of Ransod (kit cat. No. SD125). The post treatment values showed a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD. Urinary fluoride levels increased significantly in post treatment stage. The results revealed a normal SOD levels in all groups but an increasing trend was observed with increasing fluoride concentration. Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C showed a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD and increase in urinary fluoride. A high positive correlation between pretreatment and post treatment group was observed in serum fluoride, SOD and urinary fluoride (P < 0.05). The study indicated an increasing oxidative stress in cases of fluorosis with increasing drinking water fluoride concentration. Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C resulted a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD and increase in urinary fluoride.

Fluoride and Thyroid Function in Children Resident of Naturally Fluoridated Areas Consuming Different Levels of Fluoride in Drinking Water: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Literature shows association between systemic fluorides and endocrine disorders especially related to thyroid, with lack of clarity. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study was to estimate serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels among children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake residing in three different ranges of drinking water fluoride levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present double-blinded, observational trial comprised of 293 children aged between 9 and 13 years consuming naturally fluoridated water of three different ranges: Group I: 0.01-0.6 parts per million (ppm), Group II: 0.7-1.2 ppm, and Group III: 1.3-1.8 ppm. For each child's demographic data, body mass index and Clinical Fluorosis Index were recorded along with serum T3, T4, TSH, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 23. RESULTS: For serum TSH levels, 40% of children in Group I had deranged levels followed by Group III (20%) and Group II (16%). For serum T4 levels, 24% of children of both Groups I and III had deranged levels followed by Group II (20%). Intergroup correlation of drinking water fluoride levels to the number of deranged serum T3, T4, and TSH of the children showed nonsignificant association. Serum T3, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels in all children showed values falling within normal range. CONCLUSION: According to the present study results, long-term intake of fluoridated drinking water (0.02-1.4 ppm) did not show effect on the thyroid function in children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake.

Comparative evaluation of serum fluoride levels in patients with and without chronic abdominal pain.

BACKGROUND: Fluorosis ranks high among the major environmental health problems in India. Non-ulcer dyspeptic complaints are common in humans and it is a known fact that fluoride in drinking water, food and other items can cause these symptoms. METHODS: Fifty adult outpatients (mean age: 35.2±12.7 y) with chronic abdominal pain of unexplained origin were tested for their serum, urinary, and drinking water fluoride (F) concentrations. These concentrations were compared with those of 50 asymptomatic outpatients (mean age: 37.4±11.5 y) and analysed statistically. RESULTS: Serum F concentrations were higher than normal in 62% of the study group I and in 42% of the control group II with a mean of 0.065±0.03 ppm (range: 0.010-0.421) in the former and 0.023±0.028 ppm in the latter. Statistical analysis of the data by Student's t-test (unpaired) revealed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between chronic abdominal pain and elevated serum F. Urinary fluoride concentrations in group I were 0.87±1.67 (0.01-3.7) ppm. Seventy-three percent of the patients examined for urinary fluoride concentrations were having higher values than normal, whereas 27% patients had normal range urinary fluoride concentrations despite raised serum fluoride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In the cases of chronic pain abdomen, chronic fluoride ingestion from drinking water and other sources can be the cause and should be evaluated in patients in which other parameters are normal.

Serum Fluoride Level in Normal Adult Women and Changes in Serum Fluoride Level after Disodium Monofluorophosphate Administration / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: Since the morning fluoride level of 10 uM is recommended for adults patients being treated for osteoporosis so far, measurement of serum fluoride level is important to detect abnormally high levels or to detect levels below the therapeutic windows. Aims of this study are to determine the normal range of serum ionic fluoride levels in Korean female adults (from 5th to 7th decade), and to evaluate the in vivo fluoride pharmacokinetics of monofluorophosphate in Korean adults. METHODS: Serum level of fluoride was measured from blood samples of 72 female subjects (age 43-69years) using an ion selective electrode. For pharrnacokinetics of monofluorophosphate-calcium (MFP-Ca), 6 subjects (age 27~45 years) were included to be withdrawn the blood hourly for the first S hours and the blood was withdrawn at 24 hours after a single dose of MFP-Ca. RESULTS: Mean level of serum fluoride was 1.64+-0.12uM in 5th, 6th, 7th decades adults, and there was no difference of serum fluoride levels among age groups. Peak serum fluoride level exhibited 5.02+-0.67pM, and returned to basal level on 24 hours after a single dose of MFP-Ca. CONCLUSION: This study shows that mean serutn fluoride of Korean female adults (from 5th to 7th decade) is not different from that of other reports, and a single dose of MFP-Ca does not cause serum fluoride levels above the recommended therapeutic windows of 5-10uM for 24 hours.