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1.
Immunity ; 54(3): 468-483.e5, 2021 03 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33484643

RESUMO

Tissue resident mast cells (MCs) rapidly initiate neutrophil infiltration upon inflammatory insult, yet the molecular mechanism is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that MC-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was crucial for neutrophil extravasation to sites of contact hypersensitivity-induced skin inflammation by promoting intraluminal crawling. MC-derived TNF directly primed circulating neutrophils via TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) while being dispensable for endothelial cell activation. The MC-derived TNF was infused into the bloodstream by directional degranulation of perivascular MCs that were part of the vascular unit with access to the vessel lumen. Consistently, intravenous administration of MC granules boosted neutrophil extravasation. Pronounced and rapid intravascular MC degranulation was also observed upon IgE crosslinking or LPs challenge indicating a universal MC potential. Consequently, the directional MC degranulation of pro-inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream may represent an important target for therapeutic approaches aimed at dampening cytokine storm syndromes or shock symptoms, or intentionally pushing immune defense.


Assuntos
Vasos Sanguíneos/imunologia , Dermatite de Contato/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Mastócitos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Circulação Sanguínea , Degranulação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário , Transtornos Leucocíticos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Ativação de Neutrófilo , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Vesículas Secretórias/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética
2.
Immunity ; 54(5): 916-930.e7, 2021 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33979588

RESUMO

Macrophages initiate inflammatory responses via the transcription factor NFκB. The temporal pattern of NFκB activity determines which genes are expressed and thus, the type of response that ensues. Here, we examined how information about the stimulus is encoded in the dynamics of NFκB activity. We generated an mVenus-RelA reporter mouse line to enable high-throughput live-cell analysis of primary macrophages responding to host- and pathogen-derived stimuli. An information-theoretic workflow identified six dynamical features-termed signaling codons-that convey stimulus information to the nucleus. In particular, oscillatory trajectories were a hallmark of responses to cytokine but not pathogen-derived stimuli. Single-cell imaging and RNA sequencing of macrophages from a mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome revealed inappropriate responses to stimuli, suggestive of confusion of two NFκB signaling codons. Thus, the dynamics of NFκB signaling classify immune threats through six signaling codons, and signal confusion based on defective codon deployment may underlie the etiology of some inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
Códon/genética , Macrófagos/fisiologia , NF-kappa B/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Inflamação/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Síndrome de Sjogren/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética
3.
EMBO J ; 43(13): 2582-2605, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38806658

RESUMO

Necrosis in solid tumors is commonly associated with poor prognostic but how these lesions expand remains unclear. Studies have found that neutrophils associate with and contribute to necrosis development in glioblastoma by inducing tumor cell ferroptosis through transferring myeloperoxidase-containing granules. However, the mechanism of neutrophilic granule transfer remains elusive. We performed an unbiased small molecule screen and found that statins inhibit neutrophil-induced tumor cell death by blocking the neutrophilic granule transfer. Further, we identified a novel process wherein neutrophils are engulfed by tumor cells before releasing myeloperoxidase-containing contents into tumor cells. This neutrophil engulfment is initiated by integrin-mediated adhesion, and further mediated by LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), which can be blocked by inhibiting the Vps34-UVRAG-RUBCN-containing PI3K complex. Myeloperoxidase inhibition or Vps34 depletion resulted in reduced necrosis formation and prolonged mouse survival in an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. Thus, our study unveils a critical role for LAP-mediated neutrophil internalization in facilitating the transfer of neutrophilic granules, which in turn triggers tumor cell death and necrosis expansion. Targeting this process holds promise for improving glioblastoma prognosis.


Assuntos
Ferroptose , Glioblastoma , Neutrófilos , Fagocitose , Glioblastoma/patologia , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/imunologia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Necrose
4.
Immunity ; 51(2): 351-366.e6, 2019 08 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31303400

RESUMO

Aging results in increased myelopoiesis, which is linked to the increased incidence of myeloid leukemias and production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Here, we examined the contribution of plasma cells (PCs) to age-related increases in myelopoiesis, as PCs exhibit immune regulatory function and sequester in bone marrow (BM). PC number was increased in old BM, and they exhibited high expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and pathogen sensors. Antibody-mediated depletion of PCs from old mice reduced the number of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and mature myeloid cells to levels in young animals, but lymphopoiesis was not rejuvenated, indicating that redundant mechanisms inhibit that process. PCs also regulated the production of inflammatory factors from BM stromal cells, and disruption of the PC-stromal cell circuitry with inhibitors of the cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α attenuated myelopoiesis in old mice. Thus, the age-related increase in myelopoiesis is driven by an inflammatory network orchestrated by PCs.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/patologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mielopoese/fisiologia , Plasmócitos/fisiologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Depleção Linfocítica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
5.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol ; 30: 337-56, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25150011

RESUMO

Cell turnover is a fundamental feature in metazoans. Cells can die passively, as a consequence of severe damage to their structural integrity, or actively, owing to a more confined biological disruption such as DNA damage. Passive cell death is uncontrolled and often harmful to the organism. In contrast, active cell death is tightly regulated and serves to support the organism's life. Apoptosis-the primary form of regulated cell death-is relatively well defined. Necroptosis-an alternative, distinct kind of regulated cell death discovered more recently-is less well understood. Apoptosis and necroptosis can be triggered either from within the cell or by extracellular stimuli. Certain signaling components, including several death ligands and receptors, can regulate both processes. Whereas apoptosis is triggered and executed via intracellular proteases called caspases, necroptosis is suppressed by caspase activity. Here we highlight current understanding of the key signaling mechanisms that control regulated cell death.


Assuntos
Morte Celular/fisiologia , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/fisiologia , Caspases/fisiologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Sinalização de Receptores de Domínio de Morte/fisiologia , Ativação Enzimática , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/fisiologia , Receptores de Morte Celular/fisiologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/fisiologia
6.
J Biol Chem ; 300(2): 105643, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38199574

RESUMO

Intestinal epithelia express two long myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) splice variants, MLCK1 and MLCK2, which differ by the absence of a complete immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 3 within MLCK2. MLCK1 is preferentially associated with the perijunctional actomyosin ring at steady state, and this localization is enhanced by inflammatory stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we sought to identify MLCK1 domains that direct perijunctional MLCK1 localization and their relevance to disease. Ileal biopsies from Crohn's disease patients demonstrated preferential increases in MLCK1 expression and perijunctional localization relative to healthy controls. In contrast to MLCK1, MLCK2 expressed in intestinal epithelia is predominantly associated with basal stress fibers, and the two isoforms have distinct effects on epithelial migration and barrier regulation. MLCK1(Ig1-4) and MLCK1(Ig1-3), but not MLCK2(Ig1-4) or MLCK1(Ig3), directly bind to F-actin in vitro and direct perijunctional recruitment in intestinal epithelial cells. Further study showed that Ig1 is unnecessary, but that, like Ig3, the unstructured linker between Ig1 and Ig2 (Ig1/2us) is essential for recruitment. Despite being unable to bind F-actin or direct recruitment independently, Ig3 does have dominant negative functions that allow it to displace perijunctional MLCK1, increase steady-state barrier function, prevent TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment, and attenuate TNF-induced barrier loss. These data define the minimal domain required for MLCK1 localization and provide mechanistic insight into the MLCK1 recruitment process. Overall, the results create a foundation for development of molecularly targeted therapies that target key domains to prevent MLCK1 recruitment, restore barrier function, and limit inflammatory bowel disease progression.


Assuntos
Actinas , Actomiosina , Humanos , Actinas/metabolismo , Actomiosina/metabolismo , Citocinese , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Quinase de Cadeia Leve de Miosina/genética , Quinase de Cadeia Leve de Miosina/metabolismo , Miosinas/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
7.
Cancer Metastasis Rev ; 43(3): 1001-1013, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38526805

RESUMO

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for various malignancies; however, their benefit is limited to a subset of patients. The immune machinery includes both mediators of suppression/immune evasion, such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3, all of which can be inhibited by specific antibodies, and immune-stimulatory molecules, such as T-cell co-stimulatory receptors that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), including OX40 receptor (CD134; TNFRSF4), 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRSF9), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein (CD357; TNFRSF18). In particular, OX40 and its binding ligand OX40L (CD134L; TNFSF4; CD252) are critical for immunoregulation. When OX40 on activated T cells binds OX40L on antigen-presenting cells, T-cell activation and immune stimulation are initiated via enhanced T-cell survival, proliferation and cytotoxicity, memory T-cell formation, and abrogation of regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive functions. OX40 agonists are in clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination with other immunotherapy agents, in particular specific checkpoint inhibitors, for cancer treatment. To date, however, only a minority of patients respond. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that OX40 and OX40L expression vary between and within tumor types, and that only ~ 17% of cancer patients have high OX40 and low OX40L, one of the expression patterns that might be theoretically amenable to OX40 agonist enhancement. Taken together, the data suggest that the OX40/OX40L machinery is a critical part of the immune stimulatory system and that understanding endogenous expression patterns of these molecules and co-existing checkpoints merits further investigation in the context of a precision immunotherapy strategy for cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Neoplasias , Ligante OX40 , Receptores OX40 , Humanos , Ligante OX40/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Receptores OX40/imunologia , Receptores OX40/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Medicina de Precisão , Animais
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39363128

RESUMO

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shaped the landscape of cancer treatment. However, many patients either do not respond or suffer from later progression. Numerous proteins can control immune system activity, including multiple tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) and TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members; these proteins play a complex role in regulating cell survival and death, cellular differentiation, and immune system activity. Notably, TNFSF/TNFRSF molecules may display either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral activity, or even both, depending on tumor type. Therefore, TNF is a prototype of an enigmatic two-faced mediator in oncogenesis. To date, multiple anti-TNF agents have been approved and/or included in guidelines for treating autoimmune disorders and immune-related toxicities after immune checkpoint blockade for cancer. A confirmed role for the TNFSF/TNFRSF members in treating cancer has proven more elusive. In this review, we highlight the cancer-relevant TNFSF/TNFRSF family members, focusing on the death domain-containing and co-stimulation members and their signaling pathways, as well as their complicated role in the life and death of cancer cells.

9.
J Virol ; 98(10): e0116724, 2024 Oct 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230302

RESUMO

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive adults have large T cell responses to a wide range of CMV proteins; these responses have been associated with chronic inflammation and frailty in people with or without HIV infection. We analyzed the relationships between chronic HIV infection, frailty, and the breadth and polyfunctionality of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to CMV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42 men (20 without HIV and 22 with virologically suppressed HIV) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were stimulated with peptide pools spanning 19 CMV open reading frames (ORFs). As measured by flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, CD8 T cells from men with HIV responded to significantly more CMV ORFs than those from men without HIV. This was primarily due to a broader response to ORFs that are expressed during the late phase of CMV replication. The number of ORFs to which a participant's T cells responded was positively correlated with the sum of all that individual's T cell responses; these correlations were weaker in men with than without HIV. Polyfunctional CMV-specific CD4 responses (production of more than one cytokine) were significantly lower in men with than without HIV. Frailty status did not substantially affect the breadth or magnitude of the CMV-specific T cell responses. These results suggest that immune control of CMV infection is affected more by chronic HIV infection than by frailty. The differences between men with and without HIV were similar to those reported between young and older adults without HIV. IMPORTANCE: T cell responses to chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have significant biological and clinical implications in HIV infection and aging. Here, we systematically analyzed the breadth, magnitude, and polyfunctionality of T cell responses to multiple CMV antigens in men with and without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longstanding study of the natural and treated history of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men. We found that the breadth and polyfunctionality of T cell responses to CMV were different between men with chronic, treated HIV and those without HIV. The reason for these differences is unknown, but these findings suggest that people with treated HIV may have more frequent CMV reactivation than people without HIV. Differences between people with and without HIV also resembled differences reported between young and older adults without HIV, supporting a role for the immune responses to CMV in the aging process.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Citomegalovirus , Fragilidade , Infecções por HIV , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Fragilidade/imunologia , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Estudos de Coortes , Citocinas/metabolismo
10.
Circ Res ; 133(7): 592-610, 2023 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37641931

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Activation of immune-inflammatory pathways involving TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling is critical for revascularization and peripheral muscle tissue repair after ischemic injury. However, mechanisms of TNFα-driven inflammatory cascades directing recruitment of proangiogenic immune cells to sites of ischemia are unknown. METHODS: Muscle tissue revascularization after permanent femoral artery ligation was monitored in mutant mice by laser Doppler imaging and light sheet fluorescence microscopy. TNFα-mediated signaling and the role of the CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20)-CCR6 (C-C chemokine receptor 6) axis for formation of new vessels was studied in vitro and in vivo using bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometry, as well as biochemical and molecular biological techniques. RESULTS: TNFα-mediated activation of TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) 1 but not TNFR2 was found to be required for postischemic muscle tissue revascularization. Bone marrow-derived CCR6+ neutrophil granulocytes were identified as a previously undescribed TNFα-induced population of proangiogenic neutrophils, characterized by increased expression of VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A). Mechanistically, postischemic activation of TNFR1 induced expression of the CCL20 in vascular cells and promoted translocation of the CCL20 receptor CCR6 to the cell surface of neutrophils, essentially conditioning VEGFA-expressing proangiogenic neutrophils for CCL20-dependent recruitment to sites of ischemia. Moreover, impaired revascularization of ischemic peripheral muscle tissue in diabetic mice was associated with reduced numbers of proangiogenic neutrophils and diminished CCL20 expression. Administration of recombinant CCL20 enhanced recruitment of proangiogenic neutrophils and improved revascularization of diabetic ischemic skeletal muscles, which was sustained by sequential treatment with fluvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that site-specific activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis via TNFα recruits proangiogenic VEGFA-expressing neutrophils to sites of ischemic injury for initiation of muscle tissue revascularization. The findings provide an attractive option for tissue revascularization, particularly under diabetic conditions.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Neutrófilos , Animais , Camundongos , Receptores CCR6/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares
11.
J Pathol ; 2024 Oct 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39360360

RESUMO

Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with an unknown etiology. We conducted comprehensive immunogenomic profiling of bladder specimens obtained by biopsy and cystectomy from 37 patients with HIC. Next-generation RNA sequencing demonstrated abundant plasma cell infiltration with frequent light chain restriction in HIC-affected bladder tissue. Subsequent analysis of the B-cell receptor repertoire revealed spatial and temporal expansion of B-cell clones. The extent of B-cell clonal expansion was significantly correlated with the gene expression levels of TNFSF13 and TNFSF13B, which encode APRIL and BAFF, respectively. These findings indicate that APRIL and BAFF are the key regulators of clonal B-cell expansion in HIC and might serve as therapeutic targets in this debilitating disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

12.
Mol Ther ; 32(9): 3101-3113, 2024 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39095992

RESUMO

Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is often associated with the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), suggesting that TNF-α is one of the main contributing factors that cause inflammation, pain, and OA pathology. Thus, inhibition of TNF-α could potentially improve OA symptoms and slow disease progression. Anti-TNF-α treatments with antibodies, however, require multiple treatments and cannot entirely block TNF-α. TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) was found to regulate the immune system's homeostasis and inflammation through different mechanisms from anti-TNF-α therapies. With a single treatment of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TIPE2 gene delivery in the accelerated aging Zmpste24-/- (Z24-/-) mouse model, we found differences in Safranin O staining intensity within the articular cartilage (AC) region of the knee between TIPE2-treated mice and control mice. The glycosaminoglycan content (orange-red) was degraded in the Z24-/- cartilage while shown to be restored in the TIPE2-treated Z24-/- cartilage. We also observed that chondrocytes in Z24-/- mice exhibited a variety of senescent-associated phenotypes. Treatment with TIPE2 decreased TNF-α-positive cells, ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) activity, and p16 expression seen in Z24-/- mice. Our study demonstrated that AAV-TIPE2 gene delivery effectively blocked TNF-α-induced inflammation and senescence, resulting in the prevention or delay of knee OA in our accelerated aging Z24-/- mouse model.


Assuntos
Senescência Celular , Dependovirus , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Terapia Genética , Inflamação , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Osteoartrite , Progéria , Animais , Camundongos , Osteoartrite/terapia , Osteoartrite/genética , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/etiologia , Osteoartrite/patologia , Senescência Celular/genética , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/terapia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Terapia Genética/métodos , Progéria/genética , Progéria/terapia , Progéria/metabolismo , Dependovirus/genética , Envelhecimento , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Vetores Genéticos/administração & dosagem , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Humanos
13.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 81(1): 68, 2024 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38289472

RESUMO

Aminopeptidase N/CD13, a membrane-bound enzyme upregulated in tumor vasculature and involved in angiogenesis, can be used as a receptor for the targeted delivery of drugs to tumors through ligand-directed targeting approaches. We describe a novel peptide ligand (VGCARRYCS, called "G4") that recognizes CD13 with high affinity and selectivity. Enzymological and computational studies showed that G4 is a competitive inhibitor that binds to the catalytic pocket of CD13 through its N-terminal region. Fusing the peptide C-terminus to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) or coupling it to a biotin/avidin complex causes loss of binding and inhibitory activity against different forms of CD13, including natural or recombinant ectoenzyme and a membrane form expressed by HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (likely due to steric hindrance), but not binding to a membrane form of CD13 expressed by endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, G4-TNF systemically administered to tumor-bearing mice exerted anticancer effects through a CD13-targeting mechanism, indicating the presence of a CD13 form in tumor vessels with an accessible binding site. Biochemical studies showed that most CD13 molecules expressed on the surface of ECs are catalytically inactive. Other functional assays showed that these molecules can promote endothelial cell adhesion to plates coated with G4-avidin complexes, suggesting that the endothelial form of CD13 can exert catalytically independent biological functions. In conclusion, ECs express a catalytically inactive form of CD13 characterized by an accessible conformation that can be selectively targeted by G4-protein conjugates. This form of CD13 may represent a specific target receptor for ligand-directed targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD13 , Células Endoteliais , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Animais , Camundongos , Antígenos CD13/antagonistas & inibidores , Ligantes
14.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(6)2022 02 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35110413

RESUMO

Changes in population density lead to phenotypic differentiation of solitary and gregarious locusts, which display different resistance to fungal pathogens; however, how to regulate their cellular immune strategies remains unknown. Here, our stochastic simulation of pathogen proliferation suggested that humoral defense always enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens, while phagocytosis sometimes reduced defense against pathogens. Further experimental data proved that gregarious locusts had significantly decreased phagocytosis of hemocytes compared to solitary locusts. Additionally, transcriptional analysis showed that gregarious locusts promoted immune effector expression (gnbp1 and dfp) and reduced phagocytic gene expression (eater) and the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Interestingly, higher expression of the cytokine TNF in solitary locusts simultaneously promoted eater expression and inhibited gnbp1 and dfp expression. Moreover, inhibition of TNF increased the survival of solitary locusts, and injection of TNF decreased the survival of gregarious locusts after fungal infection. Therefore, our results indicate that the alerted expression of TNF regulated the immune strategy of locusts to adapt to environmental changes.


Assuntos
Gafanhotos/imunologia , Gafanhotos/microbiologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Metarhizium/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Animais , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Fagocitose/imunologia , Densidade Demográfica , Transcrição Gênica/imunologia
15.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(19): e2201288119, 2022 05 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35507870

RESUMO

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever, a highly contagious and usually fatal disease in pigs. The pathogenesis of ASFV infection has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing technology to survey the transcriptomic landscape of ASFV-infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages. The temporal dynamic analysis of viral genes revealed increased expression of viral transmembrane genes. Molecular characteristics in the ASFV-exposed cells exhibited the activation of antiviral signaling pathways with increased expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory- and cytokine-related genes. By comparing infected cells with unexposed cells, we showed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway was activated in low viral load cells, while the expression level of UPR-related genes in high viral load cells was less than that in unexposed cells. Cells infected with various viral loads showed signature transcriptomic changes at the median progression of infection. Within the infected cells, differential expression analysis and coregulated virus­host analysis both demonstrated that ASFV promoted metabolic pathways but inhibited interferon and UPR signaling, implying the regulation pathway of viral replication in host cells. Furthermore, our results revealed that the cell apoptosis pathway was activated upon ASFV infection. Mechanistically, the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced by ASFV infection is necessary for cell apoptosis, highlighting the importance of TNF-α in ASFV pathogenesis. Collectively, the data provide insights into the comprehensive host responses and complex virus­host interactions during ASFV infection, which may instruct future research on antiviral strategies.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana , Febre Suína Africana , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/genética , Animais , Antivirais/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Suínos , Replicação Viral/fisiologia
16.
BMC Biol ; 22(1): 94, 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38664795

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disease caused by hypomorphic loss of function in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA presents across a broad spectrum of disease severity. Unfortunately, genetic models of intermediate SMA have been difficult to generate in vertebrates and are thus unable to address key aspects of disease etiology. To address these issues, we developed a Drosophila model system that recapitulates the full range of SMA severity, allowing studies of pre-onset biology as well as late-stage disease processes. RESULTS: Here, we carried out transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of mild and intermediate Drosophila models of SMA to elucidate molecules and pathways that contribute to the disease. Using this approach, we elaborated a role for the SMN complex in the regulation of innate immune signaling. We find that mutation or tissue-specific depletion of SMN induces hyperactivation of the immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways, leading to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and ectopic formation of melanotic masses in the absence of an external challenge. Furthermore, the knockdown of downstream targets of these signaling pathways reduced melanotic mass formation caused by SMN loss. Importantly, we identify SMN as a negative regulator of a ubiquitylation complex that includes Traf6, Bendless, and Diap2 and plays a pivotal role in several signaling networks. CONCLUSIONS: In alignment with recent research on other neurodegenerative diseases, these findings suggest that hyperactivation of innate immunity contributes to SMA pathology. This work not only provides compelling evidence that hyperactive innate immune signaling is a primary effect of SMN depletion, but it also suggests that the SMN complex plays a regulatory role in this process in vivo. In summary, immune dysfunction in SMA is a consequence of reduced SMN levels and is driven by cellular and molecular mechanisms that are conserved between insects and mammals.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imunidade Inata , Atrofia Muscular Espinal , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/genética , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/imunologia , Drosophila melanogaster/imunologia , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo
17.
J Infect Dis ; 2024 Aug 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39171916

RESUMO

BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, its exact mechanisms and roles in Staphylococcus aureus (SA)-induced ALI, a gram-positive bacterial infection, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we generated a BACH1-knockout mouse model (BACH1-/-) to investigate the role of BACH1 and its underlying mechanisms in regulating the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Elevated levels of BACH1 were observed in both serum samples from septic patients and mouse models. Deletion of BACH1 alleviated ALI symptoms induced by sepsis. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, BACH1 deletion or knockdown suppressed NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BACH1 downregulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) mRNA expression by binding to its promoter region. These findings uncover inhibiting BACH1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating gram-positive bacteria-induced ALI.

18.
J Proteome Res ; 23(8): 3383-3392, 2024 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38943617

RESUMO

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has well-established roles in neuroinflammatory disorders, but the effect of TNF on the biochemistry of brain cells remains poorly understood. Here, we microinjected TNF into the brain to study its impact on glial and neuronal metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate carboxylase pathways) using 13C NMR spectroscopy on brain extracts following intravenous [1,2-13C]-glucose (to probe glia and neuron metabolism), [2-13C]-acetate (probing astrocyte-specific metabolites), or [3-13C]-lactate. An increase in [4,5-13C]-glutamine and [2,3-13C]-lactate coupled with a decrease in [4,5-13C]-glutamate was observed in the [1,2-13C]-glucose-infused animals treated with TNF. As glutamine is produced from glutamate by astrocyte-specific glutamine synthetase the increase in [4,5-13C]-glutamine reflects increased production of glutamine by astrocytes. This was confirmed by infusion with astrocyte substrate [2-13C]-acetate. As lactate is metabolized in the brain to produce glutamate, the simultaneous increase in [2,3-13C]-lactate and decrease in [4,5-13C]-glutamate suggests decreased lactate utilization, which was confirmed using [3-13C]-lactate as a metabolic precursor. These results suggest that TNF rearranges the metabolic network, disrupting the energy supply chain perturbing the glutamine-glutamate shuttle between astrocytes and the neurons. These insights pave the way for developing astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating effects of TNF to restore metabolic homeostasis in neuroinflammatory disorders.


Assuntos
Astrócitos , Encéfalo , Ácido Glutâmico , Glutamina , Neurônios , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Ratos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13/métodos , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Masculino , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Isótopos de Carbono , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetatos/farmacologia , Acetatos/metabolismo , Piruvato Carboxilase/metabolismo , Via de Pentose Fosfato/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
J Biol Chem ; 299(12): 105372, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37865314

RESUMO

Notch regulates the immune and inflammatory response and has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in humans and preclinical models of the disease. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice harbor a NOTCH2 gain-of-function and are sensitized to osteoarthritis, but the mechanisms have not been explored. We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in chondrocytes from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and found that NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on Il6 and Il1b expression. Similar results were obtained in cells from a conditional model of NOTCH2 gain-of-function, Notch22.1Ecan mice, and following the expression of the NOTCH2 intracellular domain in vitro. Recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region partners with the NOTCH2 intracellular domain to activate transcription; in the absence of Notch signaling it inhibits transcription, and Rbpj inactivation in chondrocytes resulted in Il6 induction. Although TNFα induced IL6 to a greater extent in the context of NOTCH2 activation, there was a concomitant inhibition of Notch target genes Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and Heyl. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated displacement of recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region from DNA binding sites by TNFα explaining the increased Il6 expression and the concomitant decrease in Notch target genes. NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on NF-κB signaling, and RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of pathways associated with inflammation and the phagosome in NOTCH2 overexpressing cells in the absence and presence of TNFα. Collectively, NOTCH2 has important interactions with TNFα resulting in the enhanced expression of Il6 and inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes.


Assuntos
Condrócitos , Osteoartrite , Receptor Notch2 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Condrócitos/citologia , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Imunoglobulinas , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/genética , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Receptor Notch2/genética , Receptor Notch2/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Inflamação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Condrogênese , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Domínios Proteicos/imunologia , Proteína de Ligação a Sequências Sinal de Recombinação J de Imunoglobina/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Sequências Sinal de Recombinação J de Imunoglobina/metabolismo , Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos
20.
J Biol Chem ; 299(11): 105343, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37838173

RESUMO

At least 0.5% of people in the Western world develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While antibodies that block tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and Interleukin (IL-)23 have been approved for the treatment of IBD, IL-6 antibodies failed in the phase II clinical trial due to non-tolerable side effects. However, two clinical phase II studies suggest that inhibiting IL-6/soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R)-induced trans-signaling via the cytokine receptor gp130 benefit IBD patients with fewer adverse events. Here we develop inhibitors targeting a combination of IL-6/sIL-6R and TNF or IL-12/IL-23 signaling, named cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc. Surface plasmon resonance experiments showed that recombinant cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc bind with high affinity to IL-6/sIL-6R complexes and human TNFα (hTNFα) or IL-12/IL-23, respectively. Immunoprecipitation experiments have verified the higher ordered complex formation of the inhibitors with IL-6/sIL-6R and IL-12. We demonstrated that cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc block IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signaling-induced proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation of Ba/F3-gp130 cells, as well as hTNFα- or IL-23-induced signaling, respectively. In conclusion, cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc represent a class of dimeric and bispecific chimeric cytokine inhibitors that consist of a soluble cytokine receptor fused to anti-cytokine nanobodies.


Assuntos
Receptor gp130 de Citocina , Interleucina-12 , Interleucina-23 , Anticorpos de Domínio Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais
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