RESUMO
Objective: To establish collection methods and laboratory testing methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of 9 typical active pharmaceutical ingredient in the workplace air. Methods: In December 2021, a mixed solution of nine analytes was prepared and then dispersed in aerosol state to simulate sampling. Glass fiber filter membrane was selected as air collector and collected active pharmaceutical ingredient in the air at a rate of 2.0 L/min for 15 minutes. Then, the obtained filter membrane samples were eluted with 25%ACN/75%MeOH. Finally, the eluent was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results: This method could effectively collect active pharmaceutical ingredient in the air, with an average sampling efficiency of more than 98.5%. The linear correlation coefficient r was greater than 0.9990. The lower limit of quantification for each analyte ranged from 0.6~500.0 ng/ml, and the average recovery rate ranged from 97.6%~102.5%. Conclusion: This method could simultaneously collect 9 active pharmaceutical ingredient in the workplace air, and could provide accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis in subsequent laboratory tests.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Monitoramento Ambiental , Local de Trabalho , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/análiseRESUMO
Objective: To establish the method of detecting the concentrations of diphenylamine in air of workplace with high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) . Methods: According to standards of methods for determining the chemical substances in workplace air, diphenylamine in the air was collected by glass fiber filter treated with sulfuric acid, then dissolved by methanol and determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-detector. Results: There was a linear relationship within the range of 0-30.0 µg/ml, and regression equation was y=8425.6x-150.7, correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limit was 0.045 µg/ml. The lowest detected concentration was 0.030 mg/m(3) (sampling volume 15 L) . The within-run precision was 2.41 â -3.02%, the between-run precision was 3.11%-4.45%. The desorption efficiencies was 97.8â and the sampling efficiencies were 100%. The samples in glass fiber filter could be stored for 7 d at room temperature. Conclusion: The present method could meet with the requirements of Guide for establishing occupational health standards-Part 4 Determination methods of air chemicals in workplace and be feasible for determination of diphenylamine in workplace air.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Difenilamina/análise , Local de Trabalho , Ar , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Humanos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Objective: To assess psychological acceptance and occupational stress of medical staff, analyze the relationship among personality, psychological acceptance and occupational stress and discuss the direct or indirect effects of personality to occupational stress. Methods: The gaseous four kinds of carboxylic acids in the workplace air were simultaneously collected by silica gel tube, and then desorbed by deionized water and eluted by ion chromatograph. The the content was detected by conductivity detector. Results: The linear relationship was good in the concentration range of about 0~140 mg/L. The correlation coefficient r>0.999, and the maximum detection limit was 4.5 µg/mL. The sampling efficiency of the four carboxylic acids ranges from 96.10%~100.27%. Through the sample added recovery experiments, the low and high content of the silicone tube samples were detected; and the range of desorption efficiency was 82.18%~100.12%; the range of precision was 0.70%~3.71%. Conclusion: This method adopts deionized water to desorb samples, and the application of ion chromatography detection have reached the requirements ofãGuidelines for the establishment of occupational health standards, Part 4: Determination of chemical substances in workplace airã, which can be used in four kinds of workplace air detection of carboxylic acid compounds.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Ácidos Carboxílicos/análise , Cromatografia/métodos , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
Objective: To establish a method for rapid determination of 47 volatile organic compounds in the air of workplace using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Methods: The mixed standard gas with different concentration levels was made by using the static gas distribution method with the high purity nitrogen as dilution gas. The samples were injected into the GC-MS by a hand-held probe. Retention time and characteristic ion were used for qualitative analysis,and the internal standard method was usd for quantitation. Results: The 47 poisonous substances were separated and determined well. The linear range of this method was 0.2-16.0 mg/m(3),and the relative standard deviation of 45 volatile ovganic compounds was 3.8%-15.8%. The average recovery was 79.3%-119.0%. Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate,sensitive,has good separation effect,short analysis period, can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in the workplace, and also supports the rapid identification and detection of occupational hazards.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Local de Trabalho , Humanos , NitrogênioRESUMO
Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) represents one of the most widely used metal joining processes in industry. Its propensity to generate a greater portion of welding fume particles at the nanoscale poses a potential occupational health hazard for workers. However, current literature lacks comprehensive characterization of TIG welding fume particles. Even less is known about welding fumes generated by welding apprentices with little experience in welding. We characterized TIG welding fume generated by apprentice welders (N = 20) in a ventilated exposure cabin. Exposure assessment was conducted for each apprentice welder at the breathing zone (BZ) inside of the welding helmet and at a near-field (NF) location, 60cm away from the welding task. We characterized particulate matter (PM4), particle number concentration and particle size, particle morphology, chemical composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production potential, and gaseous components. The mean particle number concentration at the BZ was 1.69E+06 particles cm(-3), with a mean geometric mean diameter of 45nm. On average across all subjects, 92% of the particle counts at the BZ were below 100nm. We observed elevated concentrations of tungsten, which was most likely due to electrode consumption. Mean ROS production potential of TIG welding fumes at the BZ exceeded average concentrations previously found in traffic-polluted air. Furthermore, ROS production potential was significantly higher for apprentices that burned their metal during their welding task. We recommend that future exposure assessments take into consideration welding performance as a potential exposure modifier for apprentice welders or welders with minimal training.
Assuntos
Gases/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Tungstênio/análise , Soldagem , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Humanos , Exposição por Inalação/análise , Masculino , Metais , Nanopartículas/análise , Tamanho da Partícula , Soldagem/instrumentação , Soldagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Exposure to stainless steel (SS) welding aerosol that contain toxic heavy metals, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. The gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is commonly applied to SS and produces high number concentration of substantially smaller particles compared with the other welding techniques, although the mass emission rate is low. Here, a field study in a workshop with the GTAW as principal welding technique was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of the airborne particles and to improve the understanding of the hazard the SS welding aerosols pose to welders. METHODS: Particle number concentration and number size distribution were measured near the breathing zone (50cm from the arc) and in the middle of the workshop with condensation particle counters and electrical mobility particle sizers, respectively. Particle morphology and chemical composition were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS: In the middle of the workshop, the number size distribution was unimodal with the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 46nm. Near the breathing zone the number size distribution was multimodal, and the GMDs of the modes were in the range of 10-30nm. Two different agglomerate types existed near the breathing zone. The first type consisted of iron oxide primary particles with size up to 40nm and variable amounts of Cr, Mn, and Ni replacing iron in the structure. The second type consisted of very small primary particles and contained increased proportion of Ni compared to the proportion of (Cr + Mn) than the first agglomerate type. CONCLUSIONS: The alterations in the distribution of Ni between different welding aerosol particles have not been reported previously.
Assuntos
Aerossóis/análise , Intoxicação por Metais Pesados , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Intoxicação , Aço Inoxidável/análise , Soldagem/métodos , Aerossóis/efeitos adversos , Aerossóis/química , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Humanos , Exposição por Inalação/análise , Nanopartículas , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Tamanho da Partícula , Aço Inoxidável/química , Tungstênio/análise , Soldagem/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining phosphoryl trichloride in workplace air. The method is based on passing the tested air through a sodium carbonate-impregnated quartz fiber sampling filter. The substance collected on the sampling filter is extracted with ultrapure water. Phosphoryl trichloride is determined as chloride ions (the product of the hydrolysis of phosphoryl trichloride) in the obtained aqueous solutions by ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The developed method enables the determination of phosphoryl trichloride in the air in the concentration range from 0.004 to 0.160 mg/m3. The method is not applicable in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, hydrochloric acid, and its salts in the air. Good validation results were obtained. All requirements of the norm PN-EN 482 were met while developing and validating the method. This method can be used to measure workplace air in order to assess workers' occupational exposure.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Local de Trabalho , Cromatografia , Ácido Clorídrico/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chemical substances from the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons group are used in industry, e.g., as intermediates in syntheses, auxiliaries, solvents in degreasing processes, and laboratory tests. Due to their harmful effects on human health and the environment, their use is often banned or limited to certain industrial uses only. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sorbent tube containing 2 layers (100/50 mg) of coconut shell charcoal was used as a sampler for air sampling. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique and the use of HP-5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm), an oven temperature ramp program from 40°C to 250°C and selected ion monitoring mode were chosen for the determination. RESULTS: The established chromatographic conditions enable the simultaneous determination of tetrachloromethane, trichlorethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene in the concentration range 2-100 µg/ml. The average desorption coefficients obtained were: 0.97 for tetrachloromethane, 0.96 for trichloroethene, 0.96 for 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 0.96 for tetrachloroethene. CONCLUSIONS: The calculation of the substance concentration in the analyzed air requires the determination of the amount of substances trapped by the sorbent tube, the desorption coefficient and the air sample volume. Adequate dilution of the extract makes it possible to determine tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene in ranges corresponding to 0.1-2 times the maximum admissible concentrations in the workplace air. This article discusses the issues occupational safety and health, which are the subject matter of health sciences and environmental engineering research. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):53-62.
Assuntos
Hidrocarbonetos Halogenados , Tetracloroetileno , Tricloroetileno , Humanos , Tricloroetanos , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) is a white solid used in rubber, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints and varnishes and other industries. Resorcinol is a harmful, irritant, methemoglobin-forming and hemolytic substance. It can cause kidney and liver damage. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the determination of resorcinol in the workplace air, which would enable the determination of its concentrations in the range 0.1-2 of the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method relies on passing the test air containing resorcinol through a cellulose filter, extraction with aqueous methanol solution and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The tests were performed using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC) 1200 series of Agilent Technologies with a diode array detector (DAD). The determinations were carried out using an Allure Basix column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm granulation). The procedure was validated according to European Standard PN-EN 482. RESULTS: The developed method allows the determination of resorcinol in the workplace air in the concentration range of 4.5-90 mg/m3. The limit of detection is 0.087 µg/ml, the precision 5.16% and the relative expanded uncertainty 22.6%. The method described enables selective determination of resorcinol in workplace air in the presence of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, benzene and phenol. CONCLUSIONS: The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy; it meets the requirements of the European Standard PN-EN 482, and can be used by occupational hygiene laboratories to measure concentrations of resorcinol in workplace air to assess workers' exposure to this substance. Med Pr. 2022;73(2):135-42.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Humanos , Resorcinóis/análise , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presence of inorganic acids in the air poses a threat to the health of workers. Volatile inorganic acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid, may cause respiratory, eye and skin irritation. The presented method uses ion chromatography to determine the concentrations of hydrochloric, hydrobromic and nitric acids in air samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method is based on the collection of airborne volatile acids on impregnated quartz fiber filter, extraction of acids with deionized water, and analysis by ion chromatography with conductivity suppression. The separation was performed on the Dionex IonPac™ AS22 (4 × 250 mm) column for trace anion analysis. The carbonate/bicarbonate eluent was maintained at an isocratic flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The calibration standard solutions have been covering the range of 0.2-5 mg/l of chloride, bromide and nitrate. RESULTS: The specified chromatographic conditions enable selective measurement of chloride, bromide and nitrate anions. The obtained mass concentration of each anion, having factored in the sample dilution, the conversion factor (to convert anion concentration to acid) and the volume of the air sample, allows the calculation of acid concentrations in the analyzed air. CONCLUSIONS: This method makes it possible to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid in the workplace air within the concentration range corresponding to 0.1-2 times the exposure limit value in Poland. The method meets the criteria for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents, listed in PN-EN 482. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering. Med Pr. 2022;73(4):337-47.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Ânions/análise , Brometos/análise , Cloretos/análise , Cromatografia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Humanos , Ácido Bromídrico , Ácido Clorídrico/análise , Nitratos/análise , Ácido Nítrico/análise , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a method to determine workers' personal exposure levels to N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) for their risk assessments. METHODS: The proposed method was assessed as follows: recovery, stability of samples on storage, method limit of quantification, and reproducibility. Glyphosate in air was sampled using an air-sampling cassette containing a glass fiber filter. Ultrapure water was used to extract glyphosate from sampler filters. After derivation with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride, samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. RESULTS: Spiked samples indicated an overall recovery of 101%. After 7 days of storage at 4°C, recoveries were approximately 100%. The method limit of quantification was 0.060 µg/sample. Relative standard deviations representing overall reproducibility, defined as precision, were 1.4%-1.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The method developed in this study allows 4-h personal exposure monitoring of glyphosate at 0.250-500 µg/m3 . Thus, this method can be used to estimate worker exposure to glyphosate.
Assuntos
Glicina , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/análise , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , GlifosatoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Phenyl(2-naphthyl)amine (FNA) is a flammable solid with a characteristic odor. FNA is used, among others, in the production of paints and dyes, and as an antioxidant in rubber processing, lubricant for automobile engines, in brake fluids, oils, etc. In the European Union, FNA is classified as a category 2 carcinogen. In Poland, the value of the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) for FNA is 0.02 mg/m3. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for the determination of FNA, which will allow for the determination of this substance in the working environment within the concentration range of 0.1-2 of MAC value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method is based on the retention of FNA on a cellulose filter, recovery of the substance with methanol and analysis of the solution thus obtained using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector. RESULTS: The developed method enables the determination of FNA in the concentration range 2-40 µg/m3. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.23 ng/l and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.69 ng/l. CONCLUSIONS: The method complies with the requirements of the European Standard PN-EN 482 and can be used to determine FNA concentrations in the workplaces air. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):25-31.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar , Exposição Ocupacional , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Aminas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
α-Diketones such as diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) and 2,3-pentanedione are generated during the roasting and fermentation of foods and are also used as flavoring compounds. Exposure to these compounds has been associated with obliterative bronchiolitis in workers. We report indoor air concentrations of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, as well as acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), in several small coffee roasteries and breweries using standard integrated air sampling sorbent tubes followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as well as the first use of on-site continuous real-time proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione were detected in most of the sorbent samples at concentrations between 0.02 and 8 ppbv, and in general were higher in coffee roasteries compared with breweries. Three integrated air samples, all from the barista area at one facility, exceeded the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 ppbv for diacetyl. 2,3-Pentanedione concentrations in these three samples were greater than 50% of its REL, but did not exceed it. Acetoin, a precursor to diacetyl, was also detected at concentrations between 0.03 and 5 ppbv in most sorbent tube samples, with concentrations generally higher in breweries. PTR-ToF-MS measurements exhibited similar trends and provided continuous real-time volatile organic compound data that showed episodic excursions with peak concentrations of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione between 15 and 20 ppbv. Examination of the time series data identified specific activities associated with peak diketone emissions, including transfer of freshly roasted coffee beans to the cooling tray, or the opening of a brew kettle. Additional indoor air quality parameters including CO2, NO2, and PM2.5 were also assessed on-site. Airway inflammation was assessed in 19 workers before and after each work shift using online measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). The pre-shift mean FENO was 3.7 (95% confidence interval: -3.6, 11.0) ppbv higher and the post-shift FENO was 7.1 (-1.9, 16.1) ppbv higher for workers at coffee roasteries compared with breweries. The cross-shift change in FENO was 3.4 (-2.8, 9.6) ppbv higher for workers at coffee roasteries compared with breweries. However, none of these differences were statistically significant, and the cross-shift change in FENO was not statistically different from zero for either group of workers. The findings from this pilot study demonstrate that α-diketones and related compounds are present in the indoor air of both breweries and coffee roasteries and may exceed health protective guidelines in coffee roasteries. Additional studies are required to fully characterize worker exposures in these settings and to identify specific work activities and processes associated with high exposures. Engineering controls, including targeted exhaust ventilation and the use of low-cost sensors, are recommended as an approach to protect workers from exposure to hazardous levels of α-diketones.
Assuntos
Diacetil , Exposição Ocupacional , Acetoína/análise , Café , Diacetil/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of studies performed in order to develop a new method of airborne potassium bromate(V) determination at workplaces. METHODS: The method is based on a collection of the inhalable fraction of potassium bromate(V) using the IOM Sampler, then extraction of bromates with deionized water and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The analysis was performed using ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The tests were performed on a Dionex IonPac®AS22 analytic column (250 × 4 mm, 6 µm) with AG22 precolumn (50 × 4 mm 11 µm). RESULTS: The method provides for potassium bromate(V) determination within the concentration range of 0.043 ÷ 0.88 mg/m3 for an air sample of 0.72 m3 in volume, i.e., 0.1-2 times the exposure limit value as proposed in Poland. The method was validated in accordance with PN-EN 482. The obtained validation data are as follows: measuring range: 3.1-63.4 µg/mL, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.018 µg/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.053 µg/mL. The developed method has been tested in the work environment, on laboratory employees having contact with potassium bromate(V). CONCLUSION: The analytical method allowed the determination of the inhalable fraction of airborne potassium bromate(V) at workplaces and can be used to assess occupational exposure.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Naphthylamine (NA), i.e., 1-naphthylamine (1-NA) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and its salts (2-naphthylamine hydrochloride and 2-naphthylamine acetate) are colorless crystalline solids. They have been used, among others, in the production of paints and dyes. In the European Union, 1-NA is classified as a toxic substance, and 2-NA and its salts as carcinogenic category 1A. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for the determination of NA, which will enable the determination of 1-NA and 2-NA and its salts in the working environment, in the concentration range of 0.3-6 µg/m3. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method consists in passing the test air containing the substances to be determined through a glass fiber filter impregnated with sulphuric acid(VI). After recovery with water and sodium hydroxide solution followed by extraction into a solid on Oasis HLB columns, the solutions in methanol are analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector and Ultra C18 column. RESULTS: The method developed allows determining 1-NA and 2-NA and its salts in the concentration range of 0.3-6 µg/m3. The limit of detection for 1-NA is 81 pg/ml and for 2-NA - 80.6 pg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy; it meets the requirements of European Standard PN-EN 482 and can be used by occupational hygiene laboratories to measure the level of 1-NA and 2-NA and its salts in workplace air to assess workers' exposure to these substances. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):145-54.
Assuntos
1-Naftilamina/análise , 2-Naftilamina/análise , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Investigation of exposure to toxic vanadium (V) in petrochemical workers is very important for human health, and it must be removed and determined in workplace air and human biological samples. In this research, the enriched adsorbent based on the thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HS-UVM7) was used for the extraction vanadium in human blood by the dispersive sonication ionic liquid micro solid phase extraction (DS-IL-µ-SPE) at pH of 4.5. In addition, the vanadium (V) was removed from the industrial workplace air based on HS-UVM7 adsorbent by the liquid-solid phase-gas removal (LSP-GR). In the static and dynamic system, the vanadium (V) was removed from artificial air with HS-UVM7 and compared with the polyvinyl chloride membrane (PCM, sorbent in 7300 NIOSH). The LSP-GR procedure based on HS-UVM7 had more recovery and adsorption capacity as compared to PCM. The adsorption capacity of HS-UVM7 and UVM7 adsorbents were obtained 144.1 mg g-1 and 23.3 mg g-1, respectively. In addition, the main parameters effected on extraction vanadium in blood samples and removal from air were studied and optimized by ET-AAS. The LOD, RSD%, linear range (LR) and enrichment factor (EF) was achieved 0.03 µg L-1, 3.1, 0.1-4.5 µg L-1 and 48.7, respectively for extraction of vanadium in 10 mL of blood samples by the DS-IL-MSPE procedure. The validation of the methodology was confirmed by standard addition to gas phase and using certified reference materials (CRM, NIST) or ICP-MS in human blood samples.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Dióxido de Silício , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Vanádio/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, known as epichlorohydrin (ECH), is a colorless liquid used in the production of epoxy resins, synthetic glycerine, elastomers, glycidyl ethers, surfactants, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins and others. Epichlorohydrin may cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for determining concentrations of ECH in workplace air in the range of 1/10-2 values of the maximum admissible concentration (MAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper presents a method for the determination of ECH in workplace air using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The developed method is based on the adsorption of ECH on an activated charcoal, extraction with acetone, and a chromatographic analysis of the resulting solution. RESULTS: The method developed makes it possible to determine ECH in the concentration range of 0.1-2 mg/m3, i.e., 1/10-2 values of MAC established in Poland. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.24 µg/m3 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.71 µg/m3. CONCLUSIONS: The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy; it meets the requirements of the European standard PN-EN 482, and can be used by occupational hygiene laboratories to measure concentrations of ECH in workplace air, with a view to assessing workers' exposure to this substance. Med Pr. 2020;71(6):715-23.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/normas , Epicloroidrina/análise , Epicloroidrina/normas , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/normas , Saúde Ocupacional/normas , Adulto , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PolôniaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an analytical method for rapid determination of the exposure of workers to ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) at the ceiling threshold concentration. METHODS: A 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-silica cartridge was chosen as a sampler. OPA collected by the DNPH-silica cartridge was subsequently extracted with 5 mL of acetonitrile. A 50-µL aliquot of phosphoric acid/acetonitrile solution (2%, v/v) was added to 950 µL of the extraction solution and allowed to stand for 30 minutes at room temperature. This solution was then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The basic characteristics of the proposed method, such as recovery, repeatability, limit of quantification, and storage stability of the samples, were examined. RESULTS: The overall recoveries of OPA from OPA-spiked DNPH-silica cartridges were 93.6%-100.1% with relative standard deviations, representing the repeatability, of 1.5%-10.8%. The limit of quantification was 0.165 ng/sample. The recovery of OPA from DNPH-silica cartridges after 5 days of storage in a refrigerator exceeded 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method enabled the determination of the OPA concentration corresponding to the Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling of 0.1 ppb recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, with a minimum sampling time of 18 seconds (corresponding to a sampling volume of 300 mL at 25°C and 1 atm). Thus, this method will be useful for estimating worker exposures to OPA.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Níveis Máximos Permitidos , o-Ftalaldeído/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura Molecular , Fenil-Hidrazinas , Dióxido de SilícioRESUMO
Propane-1,3-sultone (PS) is an alkylating substance used in the production of polymers, fungicides, insecticides, dyes, and detergents. It is absorbed into the human body by inhalation, digestion, and through the skin; it is also a possible carcinogen. Occupational exposure to this substance may occur on industrial or laboratory contact. In Poland, the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for PS in workplace air is 7 µg/m3. The paper presents a method for determination of PS in workplace air using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Air containing PS is passed through a glass tube containing a glass fiber filter and two layers of silica gel. The substance is washed with acetonitrile and the solution obtained analysed using GC-MS. The measuring range for an air sample of 360 L is 0.7 ÷ 14 µg/m3. The limit of detection (LOD) is 13 ng/m3, limit of quantification (LOQ) is 40 ng/m3.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Tiofenos/análise , Polônia , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
@#Objective - - To prepare the GDH 5 air sampling tube for simultaneous collection of eight kinds of chloro nitrobenzene ( ) , compounds CNBs in the air of workplace and establish a matching determination method using gas chromatography. Methods - - , Eight kinds of CNBs in vapor and aerosol state were collected by self developed GDH 5 air sampling tube desorbed , , , by toluene separated by polysiloxane gas chromatography column detected by microcell electron capture detector and Results - ( - quantified by external standard method. It was determined that the air sampling tube was assembled by XAD 2 ion ) - , exchange resin and glass fiber filter membrane. The linear range of CNBs was 0.80 240.00 mg/L and the linear correlation - - coefficients were greater than 0.999 9. The detection limit was 7.87 13.03 μg/L. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.60 3, - 3( ) 1.33 μg/m and the minimum quantitative concentration was 2.00 4.22 μg/m sample 45.00 L . The average desorption - - (RSD) - , - RSD efficiency was 101.2% 110.0%. The within run relative standard deviation was 0.8% 4.1% and the between run - Conclusion - was 0.3% 5.8%. The samples could be stored for more than 30 days at room temperature. GDH 5 air sampling tube and its associated determination method can be used for the collection and determination of eight kinds of CNBs in workplace air.