Removal of sialoliths using the intraoral approach in 15 horses.

This study describes the use of an intraoral approach for sialolith removal in horses. All horses resumed their previous activity after surgery. Sialoliths were composed mainly of calcium carbonate, containing a nidus of plant material. The removal of sialoliths via an intraoral approach results in a high success rate with minimal complications.

Enlèvement des sialolithes en utilisant une approche intraorale chez 15 chevaux. Cette étude décrit l'utilisation d'une approche intra-orale pour l'enlèvement des sialolithes chez les chevaux. Tous les chevaux ont repris leurs activités antérieures après la chirurgie. Les sialolithes étaient principalement composés de carbonate de calcium contenant un nidus de matériau végétal. L'enlèvement des sialolithes par une approche intra-orale se traduit par un taux de succès élevé avec un minimum de complications.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Sialolithiasis in horses: A retrospective study of 25 cases (2002-2013).

This study evaluated outcomes of surgical treatment of equine sialolithiasis, highlighting cases involving the proximal parotid salivary duct. Sialoliths in the proximal parotid duct were difficult to identify radiographically and more frequently associated with draining tracts and sialadenitis compared with sialoliths in the distal parotid duct. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis of sialolithiasis in all cases in which there was no radiographic evidence of a sialolith. All cases of proximal parotid duct sialolithiasis required transcutaneous removal. A longer duration of illness was observed in cases of proximal parotid duct sialolithiasis compared with cases involving the distal parotid duct, and in cases requiring transcutaneous removal compared with cases requiring transoral removal. Recurrence of sialolithiasis was documented in 24% of cases, all of which were located in the distal parotid duct. The average time to recurrence was 2.8 years.

Sialolithiase chez les chevaux : une étude rétrospective de 25 cas (2002­2013). Cette étude a évalué les résultats du traitement chirurgical de la sialolithiase équine et a mis en lumière des cas touchant le canal salivaire parotidien proximal. Les sialolithes du canal de Sténon étaient difficiles à identifier par radiographie et sont plus fréquemment associés à des faisceaux de drainage et à la sialadénite par opposition à des sialolithes dans le canal de Sténon distal. L'échographie a confirmé le diagnostic de sialolithiase dans tous les cas où il y avait des preuves radiographiques d'un sialolithe. Tous les cas de sialolithiase du canal salivaire parotidien proximal ont exigé une ablation transcutanée. Une plus longue durée de la maladie a été observée dans les cas de sialothiase du canal salivaire parotidien proximal par opposition aux cas touchant le canal de Sténon distal et, dans les cas exigeant l'ablation transcutanée par opposition aux cas exigeant l'enlèvement transoral. La récurrence de la sialolithiase a été documentée dans 24 % des cas et ils étaient tous situés dans le canal salivaire distal. Le délai moyen avant la récurrence était de 2,8 ans.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Histological and chemical view on parotid duct sialolithiasis in the Slovakian warmblood mare.

The parotid duct has been reported to be the most common site of sialoliths in horses. In this case report, we described the first confirmed case of the equine sialolithiasis in Slovakia. The work was aimed to describe the transcutaneous approach to removing the sialolith, which manifested as a hard painless mass in the area of the maxillary cheek teeth, in a 14-year-old Slovakian warmblood mare. Pathological-anatomical and histological examination after extirpation confirmed the presence of parotid duct ectasia resulting from calculus. The mineral composition of the sialolith was determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy using X-ray powder diffraction. The sialolith was successfully extirpated transcutaneously, without complications or recurrence.

Percutaneous approach for sialolith removal in a donkey.

Salivary duct lithiasis is a condition characterized by the partial or total obstruction ofa salivary gland or its excretory duct due to the formation of sialoliths. A 9-year-old female donkey, belonging to the unique and endangered indigenous breed of donkey in Portugal, was diagnosed with a sialolith in the rostral portion of the right parotid duct based on clinical, oral, dental, and radiographic examination results. Surgical removal of the sialolith was done through a percutaneous approach.

Microliths in the parotid of ferret investigated by electron microscopy and microanalysis.

The present investigation is an attempt to determine the occurrence, elemental composition and formation of microliths in the parotid of ferret. Parotids from four normal ferrets were examined by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Crystalline microliths were found in phagosomes of acinar cells, which occasionally contained secretory material, and in phagosomes situated between mitochondria of striated ductal cells. Crystalline microliths and microliths that consisted of granular material either without crystals or mixed with a component of crystals were found in lumina, where they were often associated with cellular debris. The crystals contained calcium and phosphorus. Phagy and stagnation related to pockets of inefficient secretory activity have been previously found to be features of the parotid of ferret. Thus, possibly persistent degradation of redundant cellular material, particularly secretory granules, in phagosomes results in accumulation of calcium and leads to calcified microliths, whereas consolidation of stagnant debris extracellularly does not involve such accumulation and leads to non-calcified or mixed microliths.

Parotid duct sialolithiasis in a dog.

Computed tomography was used to evaluate a 7-year-old English bulldog with a history of facial swelling and to aid in the diagnosis of parotid duct sialolithiasis. Removal of the sialolith with repair of the duct was not possible because of ductal fibrosis. Histological evaluation revealed glandular atrophy and fibrosis with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. The parotid duct was ulcerated and fibrotic, with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Surgical excision of the parotid duct and salivary gland was curative.

Sialolithiasis in two chimpanzees.

Sialoliths were found in the duct of the submandibular salivary gland in 2 of 50 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) examined, and were surgically removed. Recovery was uncomplicated. Although sialoliths are uncommon in domestic, zoo, and laboratory animals, the signs of sialolithiasis may mimic other problems.

Parotid salivary duct mucocoele and sialolithiasis following parotid duct transposition.

An 11-year-old, female neutered English springer spaniel presented with recurrent episodes of mucopurulent discharge from the right eye, 17 months after parotid duct transposition, culminating in the development of a swelling over the infraorbital area. A diagnosis of parotid duct obstruction with resulting rupture of the duct and sialocele was made. On exploratory surgery, three sialoliths were removed from various sites within the duct. Surgical repair of the duct restored normal saliva flow.