Las obsesiones antes de Freud: historia y clínica / Obsessions before Freud: history and clinical practice

Se analiza el significado del concepto de “obsesión” en el alienismo del siglo XIX. Desde el punto de vista clínico, la descripción de Esquirol fue completada por otros autores (Jules Falret, Legrand du Saulle). En el ámbito de la reflexión psicopatológica, el alienismo francés, con el delirio emotivo de Morel o la psicastenia de Janet, defendió la teoría emocional, frente al trastorno intelectual propuesto por los médicos alemanes. Finalmente, se insiste en la importancia del marco cultural en la aparición de los síntomas obsesivos y de su interpretación. En este sentido, se estudian las relaciones de los escrúpulos religiosos con la melancolía o la aparición de categorías diagnósticas sometidas a los códigos y mentalidades fin-de-siècle.

The article analyses the significance of the concept of “obsession” in nineteenth-century alienism. From a clinical point of view, Esquirol’s description was completed by other authors (Jules Falret, Legrand du Saulle). In the area of psychopathological studies, French alienism, with Morel’s emotional delirium or Janet’s psychasthenia, defended the emotional theory, as opposed to the intellectual disorder proposed by German doctors. Lastly, the importance of the cultural framework is stressed in the appearance of obsessive symptoms and their interpretation. Along these lines, the article discusses the relationship of religious scruples to melancholy or the appearance of diagnostic categories subject to fin de siècle codes and mentalities.

Physicochemical Properties and Interfacial Adaptation of Root Canal Sealers

This study compared the physicochemical properties and interfacial adaptation to canal walls of Endo-CPM-Sealer, Sealapex and Activ GP with the well-established AH Plus sealer. The following analyses were performed: radiopacity, pH variation and solubility using samples of each material and scanning electron microscopy of root-filled bovine incisors to evaluate the interfacial adaptation. Data were analyzed by the parametric and no-parametric tests (α=0.05). All materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity. Endo-CPM-Sealer presented the lowest radiopacity values and AH Plus was the most radiopaque sealer (p=0.0001). Except for ActiV GP, which was acidic, all other sealers had basic chemical nature and released hydroxyl ions. Regarding solubility, all materials met the ANSI/ADA recommendations, with no statistically significant difference between the sealers (p=0.0834). AH Plus presented the best adaptation to canal walls in the middle (p=0.0023) and apical (p=0.0012) thirds, while the sealers Activ GP and Endo-CPM-Sealer had poor adaptation to the canal walls. All sealers, except for ActiV GP, were alkaline and all of them fulfilled the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity and solubility. Regarding the interfacial adaptation, AH Plus was superior to the others considering the adaptation to the bovine root canal walls.

Este estudo comparou as propriedades físico-químicas e a adaptação interfacial às paredes do canal dos cimentos Endo-CPM-Sealer, Sealapex e Activ GP com o bem estabelecido cimento AH Plus. As seguintes análises foram realizadas: radiopacidade, variação de pH e de solubilidade utilizando amostras de cada material, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura utilizando incisivos bovinos obturados para avaliar a adaptação interfacial. Os dados foram analisados utilizando testes paramétricos e não-paramétricos (α=0,05). Todos os materiais estavam de acordo com os requerimentos da ANSI/ADA para radiopacidade, sendo que o Endo-CPM-Sealer apresentou os menores valores de radiopacidade e o AH Plus foi o cimento mais radiopaco (p=0,0001). Exceto o Activ GP, que foi ácido, todos os outros cimentos apresentaram natureza química básica e liberaram íons hidroxila. Com relação à solubilidade, todos os materiais estavam de acordo com as recomendações da ANSI /ADA, sem diferença significante entre os cimentos (p=0,0834). O AH Plus apresentou a melhor adaptação às paredes do canal nos terços médio (p=0,0023) e apical (p=0,0012), enquanto que os cimentos Activ GP e Endo-CPM-Sealer apresentaram uma pobre adaptação às paredes do canal. Em conclusão, todos os cimentos, exceto o Activ GP, foram alcalinos e todos preencheram os requerimentos da ANSI/ADA para radiopacidade e solubilidade. Com relação à adaptação interfacial, o AH Plus foi superior aos demais para adaptação às paredes do canal radicular de incisivos bovinos.

XIAP inhibitor Embelin inhibits bladder cancer survival and invasion in vitro

Background: Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy around the world and is by far the most frequent urological malignancy in China. Embelin is an active compound identified as a novel X-chromosomelinked IAP (XIAP) inhibitor from the Embelia ribes that exhibits various medicinal effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. However, therapeutic effect of Embelin to human bladder cancer is not yet determined. Methods: We evaluated the sensitizing potential of Embelin on inhibiting cell growth and migration of bladder cancer cell line by CCK8, Transwell, and Western Blot, and explored its related mechanism. We performed IHC staining of XIAP in 35 bladder cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Results: XIAP was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer cases. When the concentration of Embelin was used respectively at 5, 10, 20, 25, and 35 lmol/l, the survival of both T24 and 5637 cells decreased in a dose-/time-dependent manner. Our study confirmed that with the increase of concentration of Embelin, the expression levels of PI3K and p-Akt decreased significantly which further confirmed that Embelin inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions: Embelin may be developed into a novel and potential chemotherapeutic drug for bladder cáncer (AU)

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A model system for testing gene vectors using murine tumor cells on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo

We developed a model system for testing gene vectors, based on the growth of murine tumors on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonic chickens. The ability of selected murine cells to grow on the CAM was rated according to the following criteria: i) formation of tumor masses; ii) metastasis formation; iii) reproducibility; iv) yield, indicated as the number of embryos surviving to assessment time with visible tumors on the CAM; v) maintainability of the cell, both in the original host and the embryonic chick, or 'shuttle maintainability'; vi) detection by the naked eye, and vii) cost/benefit relation. The murine melanoma cell lineage, B16F10, which efficiently forms distinct, pigmented tumor masses and metastases on the CAM, performed better in this model than the murine B61 cell line. In vitro transduction of B16F10 cells with a recombinant adenovirus carrying a construct of the E. coli LacZ gene followed by inoculation onto the CAM resulted in beta-galactosidase expression in the tumor mass growing on the CAM. This model is potentially applicable to preclinical evaluation of gene vectors, especially for gene therapy of cancer

Relationship between Melanogenicity and Malignancy in Malignant Melanoma Cells

Though the malignancy of a tumor is generally postulated to be affected by the degree of differentiation of tumor cells, the relationship between differentiation and malignancy of tumors has not been clearly elucidated. Using in vitro established mouse(B16) and human(IGR3) melanoma cell lines, we performed various in vitro and in vivo experiments to clarify the relationship between melanogenicity and malignancy. High and low melanin-producing clones were selected from both cell lines by the limiting dilution technique and their melanogenicities were confirmed by the determination of melanin quantity and tyrosinase activity along with electron microscopic examination. Selected clones from both cell lines revealed that low melanin-producing clones showed a slightly broader chromosomal distribution, a shorter doubling time with a higher DNA synthesis and a greater colony forming capacity in semi-solid agar medium than those of high melanin-producing clones. The low melanin-producing clone derived from B16 also had a lower tumor-take dose and a more rapid tumor-growth rate than the high melanin-producing counterpart following transplantation into syngeneic mice. These results support the concept that the melanogenicity and other biological characteristics associated with malignancy are inversely related in malignant melanoma cells.

Subespecialización y calidad asistencial en la cirugía de las resecciones hepáticas / Subspecialization and quality of care in liver resections

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Astrocitos en oligodendrogliomas. Estudio con impregnaciones argénticas, inmunohistoquímica y cultivo de tejidos / Astrocytes in oligodendroglyomas, studied by silver impregnation, immunohistochemistry and tissue culture

La existencia de oligodendrocitos y astrocitos en los tumores mixtos se ha querido explicar por varias teorías: 1. Un origen a partir de dos líneas celulares distintas; 2. Inducción neoplásica de un tumor sobre las células vecinas; 3. Existencia de una única célula originaria procedente de la línea celular A2B5, capaz de dar lugar a oligodendrocitos y astrocitos. Hemos estudiado una serie de 124 oligodendrogliomas con los siguientes métodos: 47 casos con impregnación argéntica de Rio-Hortega; 77 casos con inmunotinción para GFAP; 11 casos con cultivo de tejidos a corto plazo y 8 líneas permanentes en monocapa. Este estudio demuestra que: 1. Una parte de los astrocitos son células atrapadas dependientes de la gliosis peritumoral; 2. Existen numerosos oligodendrocitos capaces de expresar GFAP y con argentofilia pertenecientes a la población tumoral; 3. Las células explantadas en los dos tipos de cultivo han expresado GFAP. En base a ello consideramos que, bajo ciertas condiciones, la oligodendroglía es capaz de exhibir rasgos astrocíticos y que, en consecuencia, los tumores mixtos son oligodendrogliomas con metaplasia astrocítica (AU)

The existence of tumoral oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in mixed gliomas has been explained in several ways: 1. Originating from two distinct cell lines; 2. Resulting from neoplastic induction of a previous tumor on the peripheral cells or; 3. From a single original cell of A2B5 lineage, capable of developing into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. 124 oligodendrogliomas were revised: 47 cases underwent Rio-Hortega silver staining; 77 cases were stained for GFAP; 11 cases by short term tissue cultures; 8 cases by permanent cell lines established in monolayer cultures. Our findings are as follows: 1. A part of the astrocytes were trapped cells dependent on the peritumoral gliosis. 2. Several oligodendroglial cells in the tumoral population ex-pressed GFAP and showed argentofilia. 3. Both types of cultures developed expression of GFAP in vitro. In conclusion, we consider that oligodendroglia can, under certain conditions, develop some astrocytic features and that the so-called «mixed tumors» are the consequence of an astrocytic metaplasia in oligodendroglioma (AU)

Unión diferencial de ácido hialurónico en dos sublíneas celulares CD44+. Posible implicancia en la infiltración tumoral / Differential binding of hyaluronic acid in 2 CD44+ sublines. Relationship with tumor infiltration

We have established and characterized a cell line (LBL) from a spontaneous murine T lymphoma LB. Histopathological analysis has demonstrated LB primary tumor infiltration in spleen, lymph nodes, liver, thymus, bone marrow and lung. However LBL cells infiltrated all these organs except lung. Two sublines with different growth behavior were derived from LBL cell line. One of them grew in suspension as clusters (LBLc) while the other one grew as adherent monolayers (LBLa). Growth rate, response to mitogenic stimuli and apoptosis induction were different among the parental cell line and the derived sublines. CD44 was expressed constitutively in LBL and LBLa cells. In contrast LBLc cells only expressed similar levels of this molecule when stimulated with PMA. LBLa cells showed hyaluronic acid (HA) binding properties, while LBL and LBLc cells were not able to bind HA even when activated with PMA. We postulate that differences in HA binding could be related with different infiltration behaviors.(Au)

Sarcomas de tejido oseo y de tejido blando / Bone and soft tissue sarcomas

El presente trabajo es una revision de los pacientes con tumores Oseos y Tumores de partes Blandas atendidas en el Hospital Oncologico de Santa Cruz en el periodo 1986-1993 con 62 casos. No se incluyen los pacientes revisados en la consulta externa, solo aquellos pacientes internados.

Patología molecular de los gliomas / Molecular biology of gliomas

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