RESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is the sole member of the Molluscipoxvirus genus and causes a highly prevalent human disease of the skin characterized by the formation of a variable number of lesions that can persist for prolonged periods of time. Two major genotypes, subtype 1 and subtype 2, are recognized, although currently only a single complete genomic sequence corresponding to MCV subtype 1 is available. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we report the complete genomic sequence of four new MCV isolates, including the first one derived from a subtype 2. Comparisons suggest a relatively distant evolutionary split between both MCV subtypes. Further, our data illustrate concurrent circulation of distinct viruses within a population and reveal the existence of recombination events among them. These results help identify a set of MCV genes with potentially relevant roles in molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/classificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/genética , Recombinação Genética , Criança , Análise por Conglomerados , Voluntários Saudáveis , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de SequênciaAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Molusco Contagioso/terapia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Cantaridina/farmacologia , Cantaridina/uso terapêutico , Crioterapia , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , Substituição de Medicamentos , Humanos , Imiquimode/farmacologia , Imiquimode/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-4/imunologia , Masculino , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Molusco Contagioso/imunologia , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum is a poxvirus infection of the skin that is commonly observed in children. The molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) expresses several gene-products that are involved in its pathogenesis and evasion of the host immune system. MCV can be transmitted both to other sites of the body and to other individuals through direct physical contact as well as fomites. While diagnosis is generally straightforward clinically, management of molluscum contagiosum is controversial. Several treatment options are available for the destruction of individual lesions, but there is insufficient evidence for therapeutic intervention being any more effective than natural, spontaneous resolution. Complex cases, such as infection occurring in immunocompromised patients and in mucocutaneous sites, require an alternative approach to management. Molluscum contagiosum continues to represent a burden on children and parents worldwide.
Assuntos
Molusco Contagioso/terapia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Saúde Global , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Molusco Contagioso/fisiopatologia , Molusco Contagioso/transmissãoRESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MOCV) is an important human pathogen causing a high disease burden worldwide. It is the last exclusively human-infecting poxvirus still circulating in its natural reservoir-a valuable model of poxviral evolution. Unfortunately, MOCV remains neglected, and little is known about its evolutionary history and circulating genomic variants, especially in non-privileged countries. The design weaknesses of available MOCV detection/genotyping assays surfaced with recent accumulation of abundant sequence information: all existing MOCV assays fail at accurate genotyping and capturing sub-genotype level diversity. Because complete MOCV genome characterization is an expensive and labor-intensive task, it makes sense to prioritize samples for whole-genome sequencing by diversity triage screening. To meet this demand, we developed a novel assay for accurate MOCV detection and genotyping, and comprehensive sub-genotype qualification to the level of phylogenetic groups (PGs). The assay included a novel set of oligonucleotide primers and probes, and it was implemented using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). It offers sensitive, specific, and accurate detection, genotyping (MOCV1-MOCV3), and PG qualification (PG1-6) of MOCV DNA from clinical samples. The novel dPCR assay is suitable for MOCV diversity triage screening and prioritization of samples for complete MOCV genome characterization.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Humanos , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/genética , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , Primers do DNA/genética , Genoma Viral , Recombinação GenéticaAssuntos
Doenças Palpebrais/cirurgia , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/instrumentação , Molusco Contagioso/cirurgia , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Doenças Palpebrais/virologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/virologia , Molusco Contagioso/complicações , Criança , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/ultraestruturaAssuntos
Administração Tópica , Ácidos Linoleicos/farmacologia , Molusco Contagioso/tratamento farmacológico , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Pele/patologia , Ácido gama-Linolênico/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ácidos Linoleicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Linoleicos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Oenothera biennis , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Pele/virologia , Ácido gama-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido gama-Linolênico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Viral skin infections often affect the sports community. The aim of this study was to assess the rates, location sites, and seasons of appearance of common viral cutaneous diseases in beach volleyball athletes in Greece. Five hundred and forty-nine beach volleyball athletes participated in this study. The average age was 28.4 years. The viral infections were herpes simplex (type 1), molluscum contagiosum and warts. The measured parameters included: gender, age, the season when athletes may be more susceptible to infections and the location of infection in the body. Practicing information such as the number of training years, number of weekly trainings, and average hours of daily training was also recorded. Incidence rates correlated in relation to age: (a) warts (p < 0.001), molluscum contagiosum (p < 0.001), and herpes simplex (p = 0.001); (b) years of training: warts (p < 0.001), molluscum contagiosum (p < 0.001), and herpes simplex (p = 0.004); (c) average hours of daily training: molluscum contagiosum (p = 0.006) and herpes simplex (p < 0.010). The skin is the largest organ, and the risk of infection should not be underestimated. Prevention, early detection, recognition, and treatment are related to health and athletic performance, but also to the risk of transmission.
Assuntos
Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Molusco Contagioso/epidemiologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Verrugas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Grécia/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/classificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/genética , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/fisiologia , Filogenia , Simplexvirus/genética , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Simplexvirus/fisiologia , Dermatopatias/virologia , Voleibol , Verrugas/virologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Crioterapia/métodos , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Molusco Contagioso/terapia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Administração Oral , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Aminoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Criança , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Imiquimode , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Retinoides/uso terapêutico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common dermatologic infection that usually affects school-aged children, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised individuals. It is a benign and self-limiting disease, with most cases undergoing spontaneous resolution within 6 to 9 months. However, a more severe and prolonged course is associated with immunosuppression or atopic dermatitis (AD). Management can be challenging; it needs to be decided whether to treat MC or let it run its natural course. It may be managed with reassurance and benign neglect; however, therapeutic intervention may be indicated to prevent autoinoculation and transmission, especially in patients at risk for severe disease. Guardians concerned about cosmesis should understand that therapy may leave pigmentary alterations and sometimes scars. The 3 major therapeutic modalities employed are physical destruction, immunomodulation, and antiviral agents. Combinations of these therapies may be employed. Therapeutic modalities will be discussed in part 2.
Assuntos
Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Molusco Contagioso/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common dermatologic infection that usually affects school-aged children, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised individuals. It is a benign and self-limiting disease, with most cases undergoing spontaneous resolution within 6 to 9 months. However, a more severe and prolonged course is associated with immunosuppression or atopic dermatitis. Treatment is recommended because of the high rate of associated symptoms, risk for transmissibility, and cosmetic or social concerns. Therapeutic modalities are subdivided into 3 types: destructive, immunomodulatory, and antiviral. We review the advantages and disadvantages of various agents and discuss combination therapy.
Assuntos
Molusco Contagioso/terapia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Criança , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A man in his 20s with a history of unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker three months before presented with a solitary slowly-growing, well-defined, non-tender, oval, verrucous lesion on the mucosal aspect of his prepuce. Dermoscopy revealed a polylobular, pinkish-white, amorphous structure in the centre with a surrounding crown of vessels that did not cross the centre of the lobules, and histopathology showed keratinocytes containing intracytoplasmic faintly granular eosinophilic inclusions and peripherally-pushed nuclei. A diagnosis of agminated genital molluscum contagiosum was reached on the basis of the above findings. Molluscum contagiosum can present with several atypical morphologies mimicking other dermatoses. Agminated molluscum contagiosum can closely mimic a genital wart especially if it is involving the ano-genital region. Awareness among clinicians regarding the atypical presentations of molluscum contagiosum is imperative for early diagnosis and management of this infectious condition.
Assuntos
Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Predisposition to cutaneous viral infections is known to be a minor criterion of Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic standard of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the causal relationship between molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) infection and AD onset or aggravation has not been widely explored. The objective of this study was to identify pediatric patients with AD onset or flare triggered by MCV infection as well as to characterize the setting under which MCV may trigger AD onset or flares in children. Fifty children with prior or current MCV infection presenting sequentially to an outpatient pediatric dermatology practice over a 1-month period were evaluated. Results indicated that children who contract MCV infection may be targets for skin care interventions to prevent and/or control AD.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/etiologia , Molusco Contagioso/complicações , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the different clinical presentations of periocular molluscum contagiosum (MC) lesions and their epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features. METHODS: Medical records and histopathological sections of all cases of periocular MC treated at the oculoplastic clinic of the Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Israel, between 1995 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were extracted: gender, age at the time of MC diagnosis, immune competency, location of the periocular lesions, number of lesions, dimensions of the lesions, clinical presentation, histopathological features, suspected clinical diagnosis before histopathological diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: The series was composed of 41 patients (19 males, 22 females) whose mean age at presentation was 20.41 â± â21.10 years (range 1-71 years). Only one patient was immunosuppressed. The cases were classified into six proposed clinical presentations: 'umbilicated nodular', 'big/giant', 'conglomerated', 'erythematous', 'inflamed' and 'pedunculated'. CONCLUSION: This is the first time that different clinical types of MC lesions are labelled. The current evidence also indicates that MC lesions should be suspected not only in children and in immunosuppressed adult patients but also in immunocompetent patients of all ages.
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Virais/diagnóstico , Doenças Palpebrais/diagnóstico , Pálpebras/patologia , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções Oculares Virais/virologia , Doenças Palpebrais/virologia , Pálpebras/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/ultraestrutura , Órbita , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laboratory diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is important as lesions can be confused with those caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and varicella-zoster virus. OBJECTIVES: To develop a rapid method for identifying patients infected with MCV via swab sampling. STUDY DESIGN: Two dual-labeled probe real-time PCR assays, one homologous to the p43K gene and one to the MC080R gene, were designed. The p43K PCR was designed to be used in conjunction with Pyrosequencing for confirmation of PCR products and discrimination between MCV1 and MCV2. RESULTS: Both PCR assays were optimized with respect to reaction components, thermocycling parameters, and primer and probe concentrations. The specificities of both PCR assays were confirmed by non-amplification of 38 known human pathogens. Sensitivity assays demonstrated detection of as few as 10 copies per reaction. Testing 703 swabs, concordance between the two real-time PCR assays was 99.9%. Under the developed conditions, Pyrosequencing of the p43K PCR product was capable of providing enough nucleotide sequence to definitively differentiate MCV1 and MCV2. CONCLUSIONS: These real-time PCR assays can be used for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of MCV and, when combined with Pyrosequencing, can further discriminate between MCV1 and MCV2.
Assuntos
Genitália Feminina/virologia , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Sondas de DNA , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/classificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Citodiagnóstico , Molusco Contagioso , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso , Biópsia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Molusco Contagioso/diagnóstico , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Molusco Contagioso/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Molluscum contagiosum is a common cutaneous disease that may be difficult to treat when there are multiple lesions; especially in children. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of pulsed dye laser (585 nm) in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in 20 children. In the treated group, 70.5% of lesions healed after the first treatment; the remaining 10.6% after the second treatment (2 weeks later). The overall cure rate was significantly different from the control group (p< 0.01). The therapy was also well tolerated. Only mild transient hypopigmentation and erythema were observed. None encountered infectious events. In conclusion, pulsed dye laser is a good alternative treatment for molluscum contagiosum due to high efficacy and mild transient side effects.