Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide in ischemic myocardium using an NO-selective electrode calibrated by electron spin resonance.

ABSTRACT

Using a Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation and selective electrodes, we determined nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen levels in cardiac tissue. An NO-selective electrode that was calibrated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was inserted into the middle of the myocardium in the left ventricle. Simultaneously, we used an O2-selective electrode to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the perfusate, Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, that was ejected from the heart. After 30 min of aerobic control perfusion, hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Under ischemic conditions, with a gradually decreasing pO2, NO detected by an NO-sensitive electrode within the myocardium was gradually increased. The maximum concentration increases in NO and decreases in pO2 during global ischemia were +10.200 +/- 1.223 microM and -58.608 +/- 4.123 mmHg, respectively. NO and pO2 levels both recovered to pre-ischemia baseline values when perfusion was restarted after global ischemia (reperfusion). The presence of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mM), a NOS inhibitor, prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in NO. This study shows that an NO-selective electrode that is calibrated by ESR can provide accurate, real-time monitoring of cardiac NO in normal and ischemic myocardium.