[Status epilepticus]. / Estatus epiléptico.

ABSTRACT

Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency that requires prompt care. The diagnosis and treatment must be continuous from the first minutes to its resolution. The most frequent cause in epileptic patients is drug change or non-compliance and in the non-epileptic patients are cerebrovascular diseases, head trauma, drug toxicity and metabolic disturbances. Status epilepticus can be convulsive or non-convulsive and continuous electroencephalographic monitoring is useful for diagnosis and to evaluate response to treatment. Benzodiazepines and phenytoin or fosphenytoin are first-line and second-line therapy. There is no agreement on third and fourth line therapy phenobarbital, valproate, levetiracetam, propofol, midazolam, barbiturates and others. The prognosis of status epilepticus is related to etiology, age, type and duration of the status. Thus, drug treatment for status epilepticus should be started without delay.