Toxoplasma polymorphic effectors determine macrophage polarization and intestinal inflammation.
Cell Host Microbe
; 9(6): 472-83, 2011 Jun 16.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-21669396
ABSTRACT
European and North American strains of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii belong to three distinct clonal lineages, type I, type II, and type III, which differ in virulence. Understanding the basis of Toxoplasma strain differences and how secreted effectors work to achieve chronic infection is a major goal of current research. Here we show that type I and III infected macrophages, a cell type required for host immunity to Toxoplasma, are alternatively activated, while type II infected macrophages are classically activated. The Toxoplasma rhoptry kinase ROP16, which activates STAT6, is responsible for alternative activation. The Toxoplasma dense granule protein GRA15, which activates NF-κB, promotes classical activation by type II parasites. These effectors antagonistically regulate many of the same genes, and mice infected with type II parasites expressing type I ROP16 are protected against Toxoplasma-induced ileitis. Thus, polymorphisms in determinants that modulate macrophage activation influence the ability of Toxoplasma to establish a chronic infection.
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Toxoplasma
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Proteínas Protozoarias
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Toxoplasmosis
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Intestinos
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Macrófagos
Límite:
Animals
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Female
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Año:
2011
Tipo del documento:
Article