Human ectoparasites and the spread of plague in Europe during the Second Pandemic.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
; 115(6): 1304-1309, 2018 02 06.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29339508
ABSTRACT
Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, can spread through human populations by multiple transmission pathways. Today, most human plague cases are bubonic, caused by spillover of infected fleas from rodent epizootics, or pneumonic, caused by inhalation of infectious droplets. However, little is known about the historical spread of plague in Europe during the Second Pandemic (14-19th centuries), including the Black Death, which led to high mortality and recurrent epidemics for hundreds of years. Several studies have suggested that human ectoparasite vectors, such as human fleas (Pulex irritans) or body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), caused the rapidly spreading epidemics. Here, we describe a compartmental model for plague transmission by a human ectoparasite vector. Using Bayesian inference, we found that this model fits mortality curves from nine outbreaks in Europe better than models for pneumonic or rodent transmission. Our results support that human ectoparasites were primary vectors for plague during the Second Pandemic, including the Black Death (1346-1353), ultimately challenging the assumption that plague in Europe was predominantly spread by rats.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Pediculus
/
Peste
/
Modelos Estadísticos
/
Siphonaptera
Tipo de estudio:
Health_economic_evaluation
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
País como asunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article