Evaluation of an educational board game to improve use of the partograph in sub-Saharan Africa: A quasi-experimental study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The partograph is a tool used to record labour observations and support decision-making. Although used globally, it has not reached its full potential. We aimed to determine whether an educational board game can improve labour-monitoring skills and influence practice. STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study, underpinned by Kirkpatrick's evaluation model, was used. Midwives and student midwives from Malawi, Kenya and Tanzania were given an identical hypothetical case-scenario of a woman in labour pre-and post-implementation of a game, to assess recording and interpretation abilities. This was supplemented by qualitative inquiry 3 months post-game-playing using semi-structured interviews (n = 24) and expert case-record reviews (n = 24). Quantitative data were analysed using the paired t-test and qualitative data were subjected to framework analysis. RESULTS: 95 midwives and 97 students participated. In each country the mean test scores improved; Kenya from 86.5 (6.7) to 95.5 (3.7) (paired t = 11.82, p < 0.001), Malawi from 83.6 (6.7) to 94.6 (4.1) (paired t = 13.35, p < 0.001), and Tanzania from 83.8 (6.2) to 94.9 (4.1) (paired t = 15.27, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings revealed six themes 'an enjoyable way of practicing,' 'learning and re-learning,' 'improved clinical decision-making', 'promoting team-work', 'a catalyst for additional learning' and 'barriers to transference of learning'. Expert case-record review demonstrated good adherence to recommendations. CONCLUSION: Board games have the ability to improve labour-monitoring knowledge. Retention of information was apparent and application of learning into practice was encouraging. Health-system barriers need to be resolved for midwives to apply theory to practice. Whether such application results in improved clinical outcomes is uncertain and requires further evaluation.