Aquatic Phytotoxicity to Lemna minor of Three Commonly Used Drugs of Addiction in Australia.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
; 103(5): 710-716, 2019 Nov.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31482305
ABSTRACT
The manufacturing and consumption of drugs of addiction has increased globally and their widespread occurrence in the environment is an emerging concern. This study evaluated the phytotoxicity of three compounds methamphetamine, codeine and morphine; commonly reported in Australian urban water, to the aquatic plant Lemna minor under controlled conditions. L. minor was sensitive to lower drug concentrations when administered in multi-compound mixtures (100-500 µg L-1) than when applied individually (range 600-2500 µg L-1), while no adverse effects were observed at environmentally-relevant concentrations (1-5 µg L-1) detected in wastewater effluent. In conclusion, the results show that the concentrations of these compounds discharged into the environment are unlikely to pose adverse phytotoxic effects. These three compounds are known to be the most stable of their group under such conditions indicating that with this respect it is safe to use recycled water for existing regulated reclaimed purposes including agricultural or parklands irrigation or replenishing surface and groundwater. However, more research on the analysis of methamphetamines and opiates in municipal effluents is needed to reassure the likely environmental hazard of these neuroactive drug classes to aquatic organisms. Given the ever-growing production and aquatic disposal of discharge wastewater globally, this study provides timely and valuable insights into the likely drug-related impacts of effluent disposal on aquatic plants in receiving environments.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
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Drogas Ilícitas
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Codeína
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Araceae
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Metanfetamina
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Morfina
País como asunto:
Oceania
Idioma:
En
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article