Topical Review: Enhancing Understanding of the Clinical Meaningfulness of Outcomes to Assess Treatment Benefit from Psychological Therapies for Children with Chronic Pain.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite the availability of measures for assessing physical, psychological, and health impact in children with chronic pain, there are not established guidelines for interpretation of children's pain outcomes following psychological treatment. The purpose of this topical review is to discuss clinical significance as a neglected area of consideration in pediatric chronic pain assessment and to make recommendations on how the field can move toward benchmarking on core outcome domains. METHOD: We review definitions of clinical significance and examples of several methodologies that have been used in other populations or are emerging in pediatric chronic pain including anchor-based methods, distribution-based methods, or multimethod approaches. RESULTS: Few measures across pediatric chronic pain outcome domains have established clinical significance of scores to interpret meaningful change following treatment limiting the interpretability of findings from clinical trials. In the context of clinical practice, several efforts to examine clinical significance to improve the translation of evidence-based measurement into standard clinical decision-making exist. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are provided to encourage additional validation efforts of outcome measures in pediatric chronic pain and to encourage authors to report clinical significance in clinical trials of psychological interventions for pediatric chronic pain.