[Effect of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia on remodeling of articular cartilage and the development of osteoarthritis (experimental study).]

ABSTRACT

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative-inflammatory disease of the synovial joints associated with age, cardiovascular comorbidity, and other factors, based on cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) damage. Recent studies have shown that age-related changes, cardiovascular diseases and OA may have a number of common molecular mechanisms. At the same time, the conditions and the degree of influence of arterial hypertension (AH) and hyperlipidemia (HL) on the tissues of the joints remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia on the processes of cellular stress, remodeling of AC and the development of OA. An experimental study was carried out on 18 adult males of purebred guinea pigs (28-30 weeks old, weight 750-900 g). The 1st group (model AH) - 6 individuals, the 2nd (model with HL) - 6 individuals, the 3rd group (control) - 6 individuals. The results of the study allowed to establish that AH and HL have a direct effect on the tissues of the joints, causing cellular stress, manifested in changes in the morphofunctional characteristics of chondrocytes. Changes in the phenotype of cells leads to degradation of AC and SCB, ectopic angioproliferation. However, cardiometabolic factors influence AC remodeling processes in different ways. Thus, with isolated hypertension, hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, destruction of articular cartilage, loss of cambial cells are observed. In HL, cell death processes, pathological mineralization of articular cartilage and enhanced pathological angiogenesis are observed. The greatest changes in articular cartilage are caused by the combination of AH and HL. With a combination of cardiometabolic factors, necrotic destruction of AC and replacement of SCB with osteopod-like matrix is observed.