Induced Production, Synthesis, and Immunomodulatory Action of Clostrisulfone, a Diarylsulfone from Clostridium acetobutylicum.

ABSTRACT

The anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum belongs to the most important industrially used bacteria. Whereas genome mining points to a high potential for secondary metabolism in C. acetobutylicum, the functions of most biosynthetic gene clusters are cryptic. We report that the addition of supra-physiological concentrations of cysteine triggered the formation of a novel natural product, clostrisulfone (1). Its structure was fully elucidated by NMR, MS and the chemical synthesis of a reference compound. Clostrisulfone is the first reported natural product with a diphenylsulfone scaffold. A biomimetic synthesis suggests that pentamethylchromanol-derived radicals capture sulfur dioxide to form 1. In a cell-based assay using murine macrophages a biphasic and dose-dependent regulation of the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide was observed in the presence of 1.