Nutritional adequacy of very low- and high-carbohydrate, low saturated fat diets in adults with type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of a 2-year randomised controlled trial.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
; 170: 108501, 2020 Dec.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33058957
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Growing evidence supports use of very low-carbohydrate (LC) diets for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. However, limited data on the micronutrient adequacy of LC diets exist.OBJECTIVE:
This study compared the long-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated/low saturated fat (LC) diet to a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) diet on micronutrient biomarkers in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes.METHODS:
115 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean[SD]; BMI34.6[4.3]kg/m2, age58[7]yrs, HbA1c7.3[1.1]%, 56[12]mmol/mol) were randomized to one of two planned, nutritionally-replete, energy-matched, hypocaloric diets (500-1000 kcal/day deficit) (1) LC14% energy carbohydrate, 28%protein, 58%fat[<10% saturated fat]) or (2) HC53%carbohydrate, 17%protein, 30%fat [<10%saturated fat]) for 2 years. Nutritional biomarkers- folate, ß-carotene, vitamin B12, D, E, copper, zinc, selenium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation were measured in fasting blood at baseline, 24, 52 and 104 weeks.RESULTS:
61 participants completed the study with similar dropouts in each group (P = 0.40). For all biomarkers assessed, there were no differential response between groups overtime (P ≥ 0.17 time × diet interaction). Mean vitamin and mineral levels remained within normal (laboratory-specific) reference ranges without any reported cases of clinical deficiencies.CONCLUSION:
In free-living individuals with type 2 diabetes, nutrition biomarkers within normal ranges at baseline did not change significantly after 2 years on a prescribed LC or HC diet. These results demonstrate the feasibility of delivering a nutritionally replete LC diet and the importance of considering nutritional factors in planning LC diets that have strong public health relevance to the dietary management of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION http//www.anzctr.org.au/, ANZCTR No. ACTRN12612000369820.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Carbohidratos
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Evaluación Nutricional
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Dieta con Restricción de Grasas
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
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Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos
Tipo de estudio:
Clinical_trials
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Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article