Beyond Restriction Modification: Epigenomic Roles of DNA Methylation in Prokaryotes.
Annu Rev Microbiol
; 75: 129-149, 2021 10 08.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34314594
ABSTRACT
The amount of bacterial and archaeal genome sequence and methylome data has greatly increased over the last decade, enabling new insights into the functional roles of DNA methylation in these organisms. Methyltransferases (MTases), the enzymes responsible for DNA methylation, are exchanged between prokaryotes through horizontal gene transfer and can function either as part of restriction-modification systems or in apparent isolation as single (orphan) genes. The patterns of DNA methylation they confer on the host chromosome can have significant effects on gene expression, DNA replication, and other cellular processes. Some processes require very stable patterns of methylation, resulting in conservation of persistent MTases in a particular lineage. Other processes require patterns that are more dynamic yet more predictable than what is afforded by horizontal gene transfer and gene loss, resulting in phase-variable or recombination-driven MTase alleles. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the functions of DNA methylation in prokaryotes in light of these evolutionary patterns.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Metilación de ADN
/
Epigenómica
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article