Identifying patterns behind the changes in skin pores using 3-dimensional measurements and K-means clustering.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Skin pores are structural features of the skin, which tend to change as the skin ages. Since previous studies measured pores two-dimensionally, precise measurements using three-dimensional imaging were needed to comprehensively understand skin pores. This study aimed to determine the patterns behind the changes in skin pores during one's lifetime and to identify new characteristics of the pores in aged. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin surface profiles were measured three-dimensionally from the cheeks of 101 Korean women from February to March 2020 to analyze the exact state of their pores. The researchers performed K-means clustering to classify the skin pores, and topographical features of pores were analyzed as well. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the differences in the skin pore characteristics among clusters and the correlation between clusters and ages. RESULTS: Skin pores were classified into five groups based on size, density, and elongation. The skin conditions of the cluster groups were well correlated with aging, despite excluding age as a factor in pore classification. Adjacent skin pores tend to connect in the elderly. CONCLUSION: Skin pores become larger and longer over time. Skin pores connect together in the elderly, which might be related to wrinkle formation. This phenomenon strongly suggests skin pores as a characteristic of aging skin and as a potential target for anti-aging treatment.