Do the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exceed the risks in patients with type 1 diabetes?

ABSTRACT

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are well-established means of improving glycemia and preventing cardio-renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their efficacy and safety have yet to be fully characterized in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We studied patients with T1D who regularly attended one of five diabetes centers and treated with an SGLT2i (ipragliflozin or dapagliflozin) for >52 weeks, and the changes in HbA1c, body mass, insulin dose, and laboratory data were retrospectively evaluated and adverse events (AEs) recorded during December 2018 to April 2021. A total of 216 patients with T1D were enrolled during the period. Of these, 42 were excluded owing to short treatment periods and 15 discontinued their SGLT2i. The mean changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass, and insulin dose were -0.4%, -2.1 kg, and -9.0%, respectively. The change in HbA1c was closely associated with the baseline HbA1c (p < 0.001), but not with the baseline body mass or renal function. The basal and bolus insulin doses decreased by 18.2% and 12.6%, respectively, in participants with a baseline HbA1c <8%. The most frequent AE was genital infection (2.8%), followed by diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; 1.4%). None of the participants experienced severe hypoglycemic events. In conclusion, the administration of an SGLT2i in addition to intensive insulin treatment in patients with T1D improves glycemic control and body mass, without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia or DKA.