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Prosocial motives underlie scientific censorship by scientists: A perspective and research agenda.
Clark, Cory J; Jussim, Lee; Frey, Komi; Stevens, Sean T; Al-Gharbi, Musa; Aquino, Karl; Bailey, J Michael; Barbaro, Nicole; Baumeister, Roy F; Bleske-Rechek, April; Buss, David; Ceci, Stephen; Del Giudice, Marco; Ditto, Peter H; Forgas, Joseph P; Geary, David C; Geher, Glenn; Haider, Sarah; Honeycutt, Nathan; Joshi, Hrishikesh; Krylov, Anna I; Loftus, Elizabeth; Loury, Glenn; Lu, Louise; Macy, Michael; Martin, Chris C; McWhorter, John; Miller, Geoffrey; Paresky, Pamela; Pinker, Steven; Reilly, Wilfred; Salmon, Catherine; Stewart-Williams, Steve; Tetlock, Philip E; Williams, Wendy M; Wilson, Anne E; Winegard, Bo M; Yancey, George; von Hippel, William.
  • Clark CJ; School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 9104.
  • Jussim L; The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 9104.
  • Frey K; Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
  • Stevens ST; Research Department, Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, Philadelphia, PA 19106.
  • Al-Gharbi M; Research Department, Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, Philadelphia, PA 19106.
  • Aquino K; School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, Long Island, NY 11794.
  • Bailey JM; Marketing and Behavioral Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada.
  • Barbaro N; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
  • Baumeister RF; Communications Department, Heterodox Academy, New York City, NY 10038.
  • Bleske-Rechek A; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
  • Buss D; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702.
  • Ceci S; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731.
  • Del Giudice M; Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
  • Ditto PH; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34128, Italy.
  • Forgas JP; Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, California, CA 92697.
  • Geary DC; School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
  • Geher G; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 56211.
  • Haider S; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561.
  • Honeycutt N; Ex-Muslims of North America, Washington D.C.
  • Joshi H; Research Department, Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, Philadelphia, PA 19106.
  • Krylov AI; University of Arizona, Department of Philosophy, Tucson, AZ 85721.
  • Loftus E; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
  • Loury G; Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, California, CA 92697.
  • Lu L; Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
  • Macy M; Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
  • Martin CC; Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca 14850, New York.
  • McWhorter J; Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14850, New York.
  • Miller G; Psychology Department, Oglethorpe University, Brookhaven, GA 30319.
  • Paresky P; Center for American Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
  • Pinker S; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
  • Reilly W; Network Contagion Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08540.
  • Salmon C; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
  • Stewart-Williams S; School of Criminal Justice and Political Science, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601.
  • Tetlock PE; Department of Psychology, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA 92373.
  • Williams WM; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
  • Wilson AE; School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 9104.
  • Winegard BM; The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 9104.
  • Yancey G; Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
  • von Hippel W; Psychology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L3C5, Canada.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 120(48): e2301642120, 2023 Nov 28.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37983511
ABSTRACT
Science is among humanity's greatest achievements, yet scientific censorship is rarely studied empirically. We explore the social, psychological, and institutional causes and consequences of scientific censorship (defined as actions aimed at obstructing particular scientific ideas from reaching an audience for reasons other than low scientific quality). Popular narratives suggest that scientific censorship is driven by authoritarian officials with dark motives, such as dogmatism and intolerance. Our analysis suggests that scientific censorship is often driven by scientists, who are primarily motivated by self-protection, benevolence toward peer scholars, and prosocial concerns for the well-being of human social groups. This perspective helps explain both recent findings on scientific censorship and recent changes to scientific institutions, such as the use of harm-based criteria to evaluate research. We discuss unknowns surrounding the consequences of censorship and provide recommendations for improving transparency and accountability in scientific decision-making to enable the exploration of these unknowns. The benefits of censorship may sometimes outweigh costs. However, until costs and benefits are examined empirically, scholars on opposing sides of ongoing debates are left to quarrel based on competing values, assumptions, and intuitions.
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Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ciencia / Responsabilidad Social / Censura de la Investigación Idioma: En Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ciencia / Responsabilidad Social / Censura de la Investigación Idioma: En Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article