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Results of an interlaboratory study on the working curve in vat photopolymerization.
Kolibaba, Thomas J; Killgore, Jason P; Caplins, Benjamin W; Higgins, Callie I; Arp, Uwe; Miller, C Cameron; Poster, Dianne L; Zong, Yuqin; Broce, Scott; Wang, Tong; Talacka, Vaidas; Andersson, Jonathan; Davenport, Amelia; Panzer, Matthew A; Tumbleston, John R; Gonzalez, Jasmine M; Huffstetler, Jesse; Lund, Benjamin R; Billerbeck, Kai; Clay, Anthony M; Fratarcangeli, Marcus R; Qi, H Jerry; Porcincula, Dominique H; Bezek, Lindsey B; Kikuta, Kenji; Pearlson, Matthew N; Walker, David A; Long, Corey J; Hasa, Erion; Aguirre-Soto, Alan; Celis-Guzman, Angel; Backman, Daniel E; Sridhar, Raghuveer Lalitha; Cavicchi, Kevin A; Viereckl, R J; Tong, Elliott; Hansen, Christopher J; Shah, Darshil M; Kinane, Cecelia; Pena-Francesch, Abdon; Antonini, Carlo; Chaudhary, Rajat; Muraca, Gabriele; Bensouda, Yousra; Zhang, Yue; Zhao, Xiayun.
  • Kolibaba TJ; Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
  • Killgore JP; Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
  • Caplins BW; Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
  • Higgins CI; Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
  • Arp U; Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
  • Miller CC; Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
  • Poster DL; Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
  • Zong Y; Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
  • Broce S; 3D Systems, 26600 SW Parkway Ave #300, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
  • Wang T; Allnex USA Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA.
  • Talacka V; AmeraLabs, Draugystes g. 14, Kaunas, Lithuania.
  • Andersson J; Arkema, Inc., 1880 S. Flatirons Ct. Suite J, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
  • Davenport A; Arkema, Inc., 1880 S. Flatirons Ct. Suite J, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
  • Panzer MA; Carbon, Inc., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
  • Tumbleston JR; Carbon, Inc., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
  • Gonzalez JM; Desktop Metal, 1122 Alma Rd. Ste. 100, Richardson, TX 75081, USA.
  • Huffstetler J; Desktop Metal, 1122 Alma Rd. Ste. 100, Richardson, TX 75081, USA.
  • Lund BR; Desktop Metal, 1122 Alma Rd. Ste. 100, Richardson, TX 75081, USA.
  • Billerbeck K; DMG Digital Enterprises SE, Elbgaustraße 248, Hamburg 22547, Germany.
  • Clay AM; DEVCOM-Army Research Laboratory, FCDD-RLW-M, Manufacturing Science and Technology Branch, 6300 Roadman Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA.
  • Fratarcangeli MR; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
  • Qi HJ; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
  • Porcincula DH; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
  • Bezek LB; Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
  • Kikuta K; Osaka Organic Chemical Industry, Ltd., 1-7-2, Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan.
  • Pearlson MN; PrintFoam, 230 James St. Ste C, Wales, WI 53183, USA.
  • Walker DA; PrintFoam, 230 James St. Ste C, Wales, WI 53183, USA.
  • Long CJ; Sartomer, 502 Thomas Jones Way, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
  • Hasa E; Stratasys, Inc., 1122 Saint Charles St, Elgin, IL 60120, USA.
  • Aguirre-Soto A; School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Colonia Tecnológico, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
  • Celis-Guzman A; School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Colonia Tecnológico, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
  • Backman DE; Lung Biotechnology, PBC., 1000 Sprint Street, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
  • Sridhar RL; Lung Biotechnology, PBC., 1000 Sprint Street, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
  • Cavicchi KA; School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron., 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
  • Viereckl RJ; School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron., 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
  • Tong E; School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron., 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
  • Hansen CJ; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
  • Shah DM; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
  • Kinane C; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
  • Pena-Francesch A; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
  • Antonini C; Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan 20125, Italy.
  • Chaudhary R; Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan 20125, Italy.
  • Muraca G; Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan 20125, Italy.
  • Bensouda Y; Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
  • Zhang Y; Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
  • Zhao X; Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Addit Manuf ; 842024 Mar.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38567361
ABSTRACT
The working curve informs resin properties and print parameters for stereolithography, digital light processing, and other photopolymer additive manufacturing (PAM) technologies. First demonstrated in 1992, the working curve measurement of cure depth vs radiant exposure of light is now a foundational measurement in the field of PAM. Despite its widespread use in industry and academia, there is no formal method or procedure for performing the working curve measurement, raising questions about the utility of reported working curve parameters. Here, an interlaboratory study (ILS) is described in which 24 individual laboratories performed a working curve measurement on an aliquot from a single batch of PAM resin. The ILS reveals that there is enormous scatter in the working curve data and the key fit parameters derived from it. The measured depth of light penetration Dp varied by as much as 7x between participants, while the critical radiant exposure for gelation Ec varied by as much as 70x. This significant scatter is attributed to a lack of common procedure, variation in light engines, epistemic uncertainties from the Jacobs equation, and the use of measurement tools with insufficient precision. The ILS findings highlight an urgent need for procedural standardization and better hardware characterization in this rapidly growing field.
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Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article
Texto completo
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PubMed Links
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Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article