Blood Volume Analysis and Cardio-renal syndrome: from bench to bedside.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This review delves into the intricate landscape of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and highlights the pivotal role of Blood Volume Analysis (BVA) in improving patient care and outcomes. SUMMARY: BVA offers a direct and highly accurate quantification of intravascular volume, red blood cell volume, and plasma volume, complete with patient-specific norms. This diagnostic tool enhances the precision of diuretic and red cell therapies, significantly elevating the effectiveness of conventional care. KEY MESSAGES · Comprehensive Understanding Our objectives encompass a comprehensive understanding of how BVA informs the evaluation and treatment of CRS, including its subtypes, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. · BVA Principles and Advantages We delve into BVA principles, techniques, and measurements, elucidating its diagnostic potential and advantages compared to commonly used surrogate measures. · Clinical Relevance We dissect the clinical relevance of BVA in various CRS scenarios, emphasizing its unique contributions to each subtype. · Improving patient outcomes: By assessing the tangible impact of BVA on patient outcomes through meticulous analysis of relevant clinical studies, we unveil its potential to enhance health outcomes and optimize resource utilization. · Multidisciplinary Collaboration Acknowledging the challenges and limitations associated with BVA's clinical implementation, we underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among cardiologists, nephrologists, and other clinicians. · Future Directions Finally, we identify research gaps and propose future directions for BVA and CRS, contributing to ongoing advancements in this field and patients affected by this complicated clinical syndrome.