Hydralazine-induced tachycardia and sodium retention in heart failure. Hemodynamic and symptomatic correction by prazosin therapy.

ABSTRACT

Severe tachycardia, ventricular ectopy, and sodium retention manifested by hemodynamic deterioration developed with hydralazine hydrochloride therapy in chronic coronary heart disease with congestive failure refractory to digitalis, diuretics, and nitrates. Coronary care unit admission with Swan-Ganz catheterization corrected hemodynamics by sodium nitroprusside treatment after hydralazine withdrawal. Satisfactory cardiac performance with oral long-acting nitrates were unsuccessful. However, the new oral vasocilator, prazosin hydrochloride, achieved considerable hemodynamic benefit by greatly reducing elevated left ventricular filling pressure and increasing severely depressed cardiac index to normal, accompanied by striking symptomatic improvement. Furthermore, long-term enhancement of cardiac dynamics and salutary functional status was maintained by ambulatory oral prazosin therapy for several months. This experience demonstrates the favorable alternative of prazosin nitroprusside-like actions over hydralazine-nitrate therapy in heart failure therapy and emphasizes prazosin's utility when untoward side effects to hydralazine develop.