Quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1-hydroxypyrene, and mutagenicity in urine of coal tar-treated psoriasis patients and untreated volunteers.

ABSTRACT

Coal tar-treated psoriasis patients were used as a model population to test a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary excretion of benzo(a)pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ability of the ELISA to detect exposure was also compared with that of two previously established biomonitoring methods, measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and mutagenicity measured by the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenesis assay. Urine samples were collected from 57 patients and 53 untreated volunteers. Urinary excretion of PAH metabolites, measured by competitive ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (4D5), was elevated in patients (mean, 730 +/- 1370 mumol/mol creatinine) compared with untreated volunteers (110 +/- 90 mumol/mol creatinine; P < 0.0001). 1-Hydroxypyrene also was elevated in patients (mean, 547 +/- 928 mumol/mol creatinine) compared with volunteers (mean, 0.14 +/- 0.17 mumol/mol creatinine; P < 0.0001). Much larger differences between mean values in patients and volunteers were observed with the 1-hydroxypyrene assay compared with the PAH metabolite ELISA. No significant effect of smoking could be detected by either assay. Analysis by the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenesis assay indicated elevated mutagenicity in urine from patients (1410 +/- 2750 revertants/mmol creatinine) compared with volunteers (715 +/- 846 revertants/mmol creatinine; P = 0.072). In all subjects, there was a good correlation between the PAH metabolites and both 1-hydroxypyrene (r = 0.717; P < 0.0001) and urinary mutagenicity (r = 0.317; P = 0.004). These results suggest that the ELISA, which easily can be carried out on large numbers of samples, can be used for monitoring urinary excretion of PAHs in a high exposure population. Ongoing studies are designed to determine its applicability to lower exposure populations.