Evaluation of cell damage and modulation of cytokines TNF-, IL-6 and IL-10 in macrophages exposed to PpIX-mediated photodynamic therapy

Tiveron, R. D. R.; Costa, D. A.; Leite, M. D. I.; Vaz, C. B. S.; Sousa, M.; Carlos, S. M. C. F.; Oliveira, C. J. F.; Machado, R. R.; Paulino, T. P.

Abstract Little is known regarding whether photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced cell death can substantially compromise macrophages (M), which are important cells in PDT-induced immune responses. Here, parameters of PDT-mediated M cytotoxicity and cytokine production in response to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were evaluated. Peritoneal M from BALB/c mice were stimulated in vitro with PDT, light, PpIX, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After that, cell viability, lipid peroxidation, Nitric Oxide (NO), DNA damage, TNF-, IL-6 and IL-10 were evaluated. Short PDT exposure reduced cell viability by 1030%. There was a two-fold increase in NO and DNA degradation, despite the non-increase in lipoperoxidation. PDT increased TNF- and IL-10, particularly in the presence of LPS, and decreased the production of IL-6 to 10-fold. PDT causes cellular stress, induces NO radicals and leads to DNA degradation, generating a cytotoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, PDT modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in M.

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Evaluation of cell damage and modulation of cytokines TNF-, IL-6 and IL-10 in macrophages exposed to PpIX-mediated photodynamic therapy