Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas en Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del municipio Pinar del Río / Situation of resistance to insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Pinar del Rio municipality

RESUMEN

Introducción: el programa de control de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) en Cuba utiliza temefos como larvicida y piretroides como adulticidas, aunque el organofosforado clorpirifos ha sido utilizado esporádicamente. Conocer el nivel de resistencia a estos insecticidas es esencial para lograr un control efectivo de esta especie.Objetivo: determinar el nivel de resistencia a insecticidas en su grado técnico y en sus formulaciones comerciales en Ae. aegypti de Pinar del Río.Métodos: una cepa de Ae. aegypti del Área de Salud Raúl Sánchez, Pinar del Río, fue evaluada a través de los bioensayos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para determinar la susceptibilidad en larvas al organofosforado temefos en su formulación técnica. Se evaluaron además tres formulaciones granuladas de temefos (Abatex-G1, Biolarv G-1 y Temefar G-1). En el estado adulto se determinó el nivel de susceptibilidad a los insecticidas piretroides: cipermetrina, deltametrina, lambdacialotrina y al organofosforado clorpirifos, en su formulación técnica...

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the control program of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cuba uses temephos as larvicide and pyrethroids as adulticide although the organophosphorate chlorpyrifos has been barely used. The level of knowledge about resistance to insecticides is essential to effectively control this species.Objective: to determine the level of resistance to insecticides of Ae. aegypti from Pinar del Rio in its technical aspect and in commercial formulations.Methods: one Ae. aegypti strain from the health area Raul Sánchez in Pinar del Rio province was evaluated through the World Health Organization bioassays to determine susceptibility of larvae to temephos in its technical formulation. Additionally, three granulated formulations of temephos were evaluated (Abatex-G1, Biolarv G-1 and Temefar G-1). In the adult state, the level of susceptibility to pyrethroids called cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrine and to organophosphate chlorpyrifos in its technical formulation. Some of them were evaluated in its commercial formulation (Galgotrin 25 EC (cypermethrin), Aqua K-Otrina 2 EW (deltamethrin) and Clorcide 44 EC (chlorpyrifos).Results: it was found in larvae that the resistance to temephos was high in the technical formulation, but the commercial formulation showed an effectiveness rate of 100 percent, with daily change of water, up to 20 days for Temefar G1, 18 days for Biolarv G1 and 12 for Abatex G1. In the assays with adult vectors, the strain turned to be susceptible to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos and resistant to lambda cyhalothrin. Regarding the three evaluated commercial formulations, resistance to Aqua K-Otrina 2 EW was proved.Conclusions: the use of integrated control strategies for Ae. aegypti makes it necessary to reduce the frequency of use of temephos and to recover the effectiveness of this insecticide...