Recent trends in surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer and its various forms of treatment remain a source of significant controversy and morbidity despite recent advances. In response, there is an increasing trend toward the development of treatments aimed at cancer prevention and at maximizing the preservation of function without sacrificing cancer control. This article reviews the current prostate cancer literature and reports on improvements in existing surgical treatments and developing technologies aimed toward achieving these goals. Specific therapies addressed include improvements in surgical techniques, laparoscopy, robotics, cryosurgical and thermal ablation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound.