[Echocardiographic evaluation to select patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy]. / Echokardiographische Methoden zur Selektion für die kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie -- Sind Tissue Doppler, Strain- und Strainrate-Imaging und 3D-Echokardiographie die ultimativen Methoden?

ABSTRACT

Wide QRS complex and asynchronous myocardial contraction in heart failure are associated with poor prognosis. Resynchronization can be achieved by biventricular pacing (BVP), which leads to hemodynamic and clinical improvement and reverse remodeling, and may improve survival. However, there is a substantial subset of patients with wide QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram who does not improve despite BVP, and there are findings which suggest that resynchronization therapy may be also beneficial for heart failure patients with normal QRS duration. QRS width predicts the benefit of BVP only with limitation and only correlates weakly with echocardiographically determined myocardial asynchrony. Determination of asynchrony by tissue Doppler echocardiography seems to be the best predictor for improvement after BVP, although no consensus on the optimal method to assess asynchrony has yet been achieved. To date, most studies evaluating tissue Doppler echo in BVP were performed retrospectively and only one prospective study with patient selection for BVP according to echocardiography and electrocardiography criteria of asynchrony has been published. These new echocardiographic tools will help to prospectively select patients for BVP, help to guide implantation and to optimize device programming.