Exposure to nitrous oxide in delivery suites at six Swedish hospitals.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health
; 81(7): 829-36, 2008 Jul.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-17952690
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
This study presents occupational peak and average exposures to nitrous oxide in delivery suites in six Swedish hospitals and evaluates different scavenging techniques.METHODS:
Exposure measurements based on four consecutive 2-h samples (n = 111) were used to calculate 8-h time-weighted averages (8-h TWAs) for 36 midwives and assistant midwives. Short-term (15 min) samples to study peak exposure were also included in the monitoring program. Diffusive samplers were used for monitoring, and analyzed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect on exposure of different types of scavenging systems was studied by mixed model analysis.RESULTS:
The 8-h TWA (n = 36) nitrous oxide concentrations varied between 2.5 and 260 mg/m3, and the geometric means for all the 8-h TWAs was 17 mg/m3 for the midwives and 42 mg/m3 for the assistant midwives. Around 25% of all the 8-h TWAs exceeded the American Conference of Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV-TWA) of 90 mg/m3 (50 ppm). For the short-term samples (n = 29) the nitrous oxide levels varied between 19 and 4,200 mg/m3, and 14% exceeded the Swedish occupational exposure ceiling limit value of 900 mg/m3. The 8-h TWAs were four times higher when the non-ventilated and ventilated simple masks were compared to the double mask (P = 0.02). This trend, although not statistically significant, was also seen for the short-term samples.CONCLUSION:
A diffusive sampling method and a GC-MS analytical technique was used for long- and short-term sampling of nitrous oxide. A large number of TWAs exceeded the ACGIH-TLV. Mask connected to scavenging systems significantly reduced the exposures. Furthermore, using a forced general air ventilation system in addition to improved work and delivery routines for the staff and the mother-to-be substantially improved the air quality in the delivery suites.
Buscar no Google
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Ventilação
/
Exposição Ocupacional
/
Salas de Parto
/
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar
/
Tocologia
/
Óxido Nitroso
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
País como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2008
Tipo de documento:
Article