Erythropoietin in cancer-related anemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents reduce the transfusion requirements of anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Risks associated with the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in cancer patients have more recently been identified. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recently published phase III trials and a meta-analysis have shown an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and a decreased survival in anemic cancer patients treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. SUMMARY: To minimize risks associated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use in cancer patients, the most recent American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology clinical practice guidelines and Food and Drug Administration recommendations should be followed.