Development of a human-tissue-like phantom for 3.0-T MRI.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A 3.0-T MRI phantom having human-tissue-equivalent relaxation times was developed. METHODS: The ingredients of the phantom are carrageenan (for gelatinization), GdCl(3) (as a T(1)-relaxation modifier), agarose (as a T(2)-relaxation modifier), and NaN(3) (as an antiseptic agent). Numerous samples with varying concentrations of GdCl(3) and agarose were prepared, and T(1) and T(2) were measured using 3.0-T MRI. RESULTS: Relaxation times of the phantom samples ranged from 395 to 2601 ms for T(1) values and 29 to 334 ms for T(2) values. Based on the measured results, empirical formulae were devised to express the relationships between the concentrations of relaxation modifiers and relaxation times. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment of GdCl(3) and agarose concentrations allows arbitrary setting of relaxation times, and the creation of a phantom that can mimic relaxation times of human-tissue. Carrageenan is considered the most suitable as a gelling agent for an MRI phantom, as it permits the relatively easy and inexpensive production of a large phantom such as for the human torso, and which can be easily shaped with a knife.