Use of oral vitamin K for prevention of late vitamin k deficiency bleeding in neonates when injectable vitamin K is not available.
Ann Pharmacother
; 46(6): 879-83, 2012 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22619475
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the literature describing use of oral vitamin K(1) (phytonadione) to prevent late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in neonates when injectable vitamin K preparations are not available. DATA SOURCES Articles were retrieved through MEDLINE (1946-February 2012) using the terms vitamin K, vitamin K deficiency bleeding, newborn, neonate, and prophylaxis. Reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles published in English on the use of prophylactic oral vitamin K in neonates were evaluated. The largest epidemiologic studies discussing the efficacy of continuous oral vitamin K prophylaxis were reviewed. Individual, smaller clinical trials were not reviewed. DATASYNTHESIS:
For prevention of early, classic, and late VKDB, use of intramuscular vitamin K 1 mg is preferred over oral administration because of superior efficacy. Single oral doses protect against early VKDB, but multiple oral doses are needed for late VKDB prophylaxis, especially in exclusively breast-fed neonates. Continuous oral dosing regimens used in the literature vary; European epidemiologic data suggest the lowest rates of late VKDB with oral vitamin K 1 mg at birth followed by 25 µg daily for 13 weeks, or 2 mg at birth followed by 1 mg weekly for 3 months. Limited data describe the use of oral prophylactic vitamin K in high-risk patients (eg, premature neonates, biliary abnormalities).CONCLUSIONS:
While there are data supporting effective oral vitamin K dosing regimens for prevention of late VKBD in exclusively breast-fed neonates, lack of an appropriate oral dosage form prevents routine use of this technique in the US. In times of drug shortage, injectable vitamin K preparations should be reserved for use in neonates. If injectable vitamin K is not available, clinicians should choose the most practical method of administering oral vitamin K based on the oral products available.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vitamina K
/
Sangramento por Deficiência de Vitamina K
Tipo de estudo:
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Humans
/
Newborn
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2012
Tipo de documento:
Article