Increased stress reactivity: a mechanism specifically associated with the positive symptoms of psychotic disorder.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An increased reactivity to stress in the context of daily life is suggested to be an independent risk factor underlying the positive symptoms of psychotic disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether positive symptoms moderate the association between everyday stressful events and negative affect (NA), known as stress reactivity. This hypothesis was put to the test in patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Method The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess positive and negative symptoms. The experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique, was used to measure stress reactivity and psychotic symptoms in daily life. RESULTS: Higher levels of positive symptoms (CASH B = 0.14, p = 0.005; PANSS B = 0.05, p = 0.000; ESM B = 0.03, p = 0.000) and lower levels of negative symptoms (PANSS B = - 0.05, p = 0.001) significantly moderate the association between unpleasant events and NA. No significant moderating effect was found for CASH negative symptoms. Moreover, the moderating effect of lifetime and current symptoms on the stress-NA association was significantly larger for those patients with predominantly positive symptoms (CASH B = 0.09, p = 0.000; PANSS B = 0.08, p = 0.000; ESM B = 0.13, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a 'psychotic syndrome' with high levels of positive symptoms and low levels of negative symptoms show increased reactivity to stress in daily life, indicating that stress reactivity is a possible risk factor underlying this syndrome.