Percutaneous transvenous angioplasty of left innominate vein stenosis following right side permanent pacemaker implantation- a left femoral vein to left axillary vein approach.

ABSTRACT

Central venous stenosis after the insertion of a permanent pacemaker is a well recognized complication. This late complication is encountered when there is a need to change the pacemaker lead or extract it. We describe a young male who had such a complication after many years after right side pacemaker implantation. The lesion was managed percutaneously leading to placement of a new lead from the left side.