Cadmium, mercury and lead in the blood of urban women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health
; 26(1): 58-72, 2013 Mar.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23526195
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study was to make an international comparison of blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), lead (B-Pb) and mercury (B-Hg) of women in seven European, and three non-European cities, and to identify determinants. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
About 50 women (age 46-62) from each city were recruited (totally 480) in 2006-2009. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. Blood samples were analysed in one laboratory to avoid interlaboratory variation.RESULTS:
Between the European cities, the B-Pb and B-Cd results vary little (range of geometric means 13.5-27.0 µg/l and 0.25-0.65 µg/l, respectively); the variation of B-Hg was larger (0.40-1.38 µg/l). Between the non-European cities the results for B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg were 19.2-68.0, 0.39-0.99 and 1.01-2.73 µg/l, respectively. Smoking was a statistically significant determinant for B-Cd, while fish and shellfish intakes contributed to B-Hg and B-Pb, amalgam fillings also contributed to B-Hg.CONCLUSIONS:
The present results confirm the previous results from children; the exposure to lead and cadmium varies only little between different European cities suggesting that other factors than the living area are more important. The study also confirms the previous findings of higher cadmium and lead levels in some non-European cities. The geographical variation for mercury is significant.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
População Urbana
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Cádmio
/
Saúde da Mulher
/
Doença Ambiental
/
Chumbo
/
Mercúrio
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
/
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Middle aged
País como assunto:
Africa
/
America do sul
/
Ecuador
/
Europa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article