[Effects of long-term manure and crop residues incorporation on yield and phosphorus saturation in a paddy soil].

ABSTRACT

An 8-year field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region of eastern China to investigate the effects of incorporation of straw and manure on the yield and phosphorus (P) accumulation in the paddy soil, and to evaluate the potential risk of P loss from soil to environment. The experiment had four fertilization treatments, i. e., chemical fertilizers alone (NPK), chemical fertilizers plus rice/wheat straw (NPK + S), chemical fertilizers plus 7.5 t x (hm2 x a)(-1) wet pig manure (NPK + M7.5), and chemical fertilizers plus 15.0 t x (hm2 x a)(-1) wet pig manure (NPK + M15). Among the four treatments, no significant differences were observed in the yield of rice or wheat. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers plus pig manure significantly increased the soil total P, the degree of P saturation (DPS), and the concentration of extractable P forms, including Olsen-P, Mehlich 3 extractable P, CaCl2 extractable P, and water extractable P, which became a potential source of eutrophication in Taihu Lake. In contrast to chemical fertilizers plus pig manure, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of extractable P forms between the NPK + S and NPK treatments. We concludes that chemical fertilizers [P 45 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1)] plus rice/wheat straw should be recommended in the paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region under the rice-wheat rotation system.