Vocal local versus pharmacological treatments for pain management in tubal ligation procedures in rural Kenya: a non-inferiority trial.
BMC Womens Health
; 14: 21, 2014 Feb 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24490628
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Vocal local (VL) is a non-pharmacological pain management technique for gynecological procedures. In Africa, it is usually used in combination with pharmacological analgesics. However, analgesics are associated with side-effects, and can be costly and subject to frequent stock-outs, particularly in remote rural settings. We compared the effectiveness of VL + local anesthesia + analgesics (the standard approach), versus VL + local anesthesia without analgesics, on pain and satisfaction levels for women undergoing tubal ligations in rural Kenya.METHODS:
We conducted a site-randomised non-inferiority trial of 884 women receiving TLs from 40 Marie Stopes mobile outreach sites in Kisii and Machakos Districts. Twenty sites provided VL + local anesthesia + analgesics (control), while 20 offered VL + local anesthesia without additional analgesics (intervention). Pain was measured using a validated 11-point Numeric Rating Scale; satisfaction was measured using 11-point scales.RESULTS:
A total of 461 women underwent tubal ligations with VL + local anesthesia, while 423 received tubal ligations with VL + local anesthesia + analgesics. The majority were aged ≥30 years (78%), and had >3 children (99%). In a multivariate analysis, pain during the procedure was not significantly different between the two groups. The pain score after the procedure was significantly lower in the intervention group versus the control group (by 0.40 points; p = 0.041). Satisfaction scores were equally high in both groups; 96% would recommend the procedure to a friend.CONCLUSION:
VL + local anesthesia is as effective as VL + local anesthesia + analgesics for pain management during tubal ligation in rural Kenya. Avoiding analgesics is associated with numerous benefits including cost savings and fewer issues related to the maintenance, procurement and monitoring of restricted opioid drugs, particularly in remote low-resource settings where these systems are weak. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201304000495942.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Esterilização Tubária
/
Tramadol
/
Manejo da Dor
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Analgésicos Opioides
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Anestésicos Locais
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Lidocaína
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Female
/
Humans
País como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article