Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in Guangzhou, China.

INTRODUCTION: This article reports on the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors in the city of Guangzhou, China, and shows a trend toward epidemic proportions when municipal data are compared with provincial data. METHODS: We conducted the Guangzhou Community Health Survey in the 12 administrative districts of Guangzhou to learn about NCDs and their risk factors. A community-based, face-to-face survey with a stratified multistage cluster sampling was used. Information was gathered on 27,743 respondents, aged 0 to 108 years, with a male to female ratio of 1 to 1. All participants completed a questionnaire, and those aged 15 years or older had a physical examination. Survey results were compared with the provincial results of the 2002 Guangdong Nutrition and Health Survey (GNHS). RESULTS: The data were weighted to the respondent's probability of selection and to the age- and sex-specific population. Prevalence estimate of self-reported NCDs was 16.0%. Hypertension and diabetes were reported as the most important NCDs. Of those who responded, 6.8% reported having more than 2 chronic conditions. The adjusted prevalence of hypertension decreased by 13.3% since 2002. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes were improved. The estimated prevalence of current smoking decreased, and the prevalence of former smoking increased from 2002. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, especially central obesity, increased. CONCLUSION: Results were encouraging with regard to hypertension and diabetes. However, the unfavorable trends, especially for overweight, central obesity, and passive smoking, call for additional action.