Polybrominated diphenyl ether accumulation in an agricultural soil ecosystem receiving wastewater sludge amendments.
Environ Sci Technol
; 48(12): 7034-43, 2014 Jun 17.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24905849
ABSTRACT
Few studies have addressed bioaccumulation of organic pollutants associated with land-application of biosolids. We thus examined PBDE burdens within a soil ecosystem receiving long-term sludge amendments and a reference soil ecosystem receiving only manure inputs. No PBDEs were detected in reference site samples, but sludge-amended soils contained 17 600 ± 2330 µg/kg ∑3-7PBDE (total organic carbon (TOC) basis). ∑3-7PBDE burdens were highest in soil invertebrates with the greatest contact with sludge-amended soil (e.g., ∑3-7PBDE of 10 300 ± 2670 and 3000 ± 200 µg/kg lipid for earthworms and detritivorous woodlice, respectively). PBDEs were below quantitation limits in vegetation from the sludge-amended site. Surprisingly, we measured quantifiable PBDE burdens in only a single sample of predaceous ground spiders from the sludge-amended site. BDE-209 burdens in sludge-amended soil and earthworms were 7500 ± 2800 µg/kg TOC and 6500 ± 4100 µg/kg lipid, respectively. BDE 209 was detected in fewer taxa, but the burden in a detritivorous millipede composite was high (86 000 µg/kg lipid). PBDE congener patterns differed among species, with worms and ground beetles exhibiting Penta-BDE-like patterns. Penta-BDE biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranged from 0.006 to 1.2, while BDE-209 BSAFs ranged from 0.07 to 10.5. δ(13)C and δ(15)N isotope signatures were poorly correlated with PBDE burdens, but sludge-amended samples were significantly δ(15)N enriched.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Esgotos
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Solo
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Monitoramento Ambiental
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Ecossistema
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Agricultura
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Éteres Difenil Halogenados
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Águas Residuárias
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article