Elevated levels of iron in groundwater in Prey Veng province in Cambodia: a possible factor contributing to high iron stores in women.
J Water Health
; 13(2): 575-86, 2015 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26042988
ABSTRACT
Iron is a natural element found in food, water and soil and is essential for human health. Our aim was to determine the levels of iron and 25 other metals and trace elements in groundwater from 22 households in Prey Veng, Cambodia. Water analyses were conducted using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry. Compared to the 2011 World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality, aluminum, iron and manganese exceeded maximum levels (in 4.5, 72.7 and 40.9% of samples, respectively). Compared to the 2004 Cambodian drinking water quality standards, iron and manganese exceeded maximum levels (in 59.1 and 36.4% of samples, respectively). We found no evidence of arsenic contamination. Guidelines for iron were established primarily for esthetic reasons (e.g. taste), whereas other metals and elements have adverse effects associated with toxicity. Iron in groundwater ranged from 134 to 5,200 µg/L (mean â¼1,422 µg/L). Based on a daily consumption of 3 L groundwater, this equates to â¼0.4-15.6 mg iron (mean â¼4.3 mg/day), which may be contributing to high iron stores and the low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Prey Veng women. Elevated levels of manganese in groundwater are a concern and warrant further investigation.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Água Subterrânea
/
Ferro
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
País como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article